Leukemia, also known as blood cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by the abnormal growth and development of white blood cells.

Leukemia can occur in different forms and is classified into four major types: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for favorable outcomes. In this article, we will discuss nine red flags or symptoms of leukemia that should not be ignored.

1. Persistent Fatigue and Weakness

Feeling tired and weak can be a symptom of various health conditions, including leukemia.

In leukemia, the abnormal white blood cells disrupt the normal production of red blood cells, resulting in decreased oxygen supply to the body’s organs and tissues. This can lead to persistent fatigue, weakness, and a general lack of energy. If you find yourself tired and weak without any apparent reason or after minimal exertion, it is important not to ignore this symptom and seek medical advice.

2. Frequent Infections

Leukemia weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. The abnormal white blood cells produced in leukemia are often immature and ineffective in fighting off infections.

As a result, individuals with leukemia may experience recurrent infections, such as frequent colds, flu, bronchitis, or skin infections. If you notice that you are getting infections more frequently than usual or having difficulty recovering from common illnesses, it may be a red flag for leukemia.

3. Unexplained Weight Loss

Sudden and unexplained weight loss can be an alarming sign of various underlying health conditions, including leukemia. In leukemia, the cancerous cells interfere with the normal functioning of the body, leading to weight loss.

Loss of appetite, decreased nutrient absorption, and increased metabolic demands contribute to unintentional weight loss. If you are experiencing significant weight loss without any changes in your diet or physical activity level, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

4. Bone and Joint Pain

Leukemia cells may accumulate and affect the bones and joints, leading to pain. Bone pain is often described as a deep, dull ache that can occur in any part of the body. Joint pain and stiffness may also be present.

These symptoms are more commonly observed in acute leukemia. Persistent bone and joint pain without any known injury or arthritis should be investigated further.

5. Easy Bruising and Excessive Bleeding

Leukemia can interfere with the normal clotting process, making individuals more prone to easy bruising and excessive bleeding.

The abnormal white blood cells may crowd out the healthy blood cells responsible for clotting, leading to prolonged bleeding and difficulty in stopping it. You may notice frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, heavy menstrual periods, or the appearance of small red spots on the skin called petechiae.

If you experience unexplained bruising or bleeding, it is important to discuss it with a healthcare professional.

6. Shortness of Breath

Leukemia can cause anemia, a condition characterized by a decreased number of healthy red blood cells. Anemia can lead to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood, resulting in shortness of breath.

You may feel breathless during physical activities or even at rest. Shortness of breath can also be a result of fluid buildup in the lungs due to leukemia. If you experience persistent or worsening shortness of breath, it is crucial to seek medical attention.

7. Swollen Lymph Nodes

Leukemia can cause the enlargement of lymph nodes, which are a part of the body’s immune system. Swollen lymph nodes may be felt as lumps under the skin in areas such as the neck, armpits, or groin.

These lymph nodes are often painless and may gradually increase in size. If you notice persistent or unexplained swelling of lymph nodes, it is important to have it evaluated by a healthcare professional.

8. Night Sweats and Fever

Leukemia may cause night sweats and fever, often accompanied by other flu-like symptoms such as chills and fatigue.

The abnormal white blood cells produced in leukemia interfere with the body’s ability to fight infections, resulting in a weakened immune response and recurrent fever. Night sweats can be severe and may disrupt sleep. If you experience persistent fevers and night sweats without any evident cause, it is essential to seek medical advice.

9. Abdominal Discomfort and Swelling

In some cases, leukemia cells can infiltrate the organs of the abdominal cavity, leading to discomfort and swelling. This can cause a feeling of fullness, bloating, or pain in the abdomen.

Leukemia-related abdominal discomfort is often nonspecific, resembling symptoms of other digestive disorders. If you have persisting abdominal symptoms without any known cause or if they worsen over time, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.