Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people around the world. When it comes to pregnancy, women with diabetes face a higher risk of medical complications for both themselves and their unborn child.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the dangers of diabetes in pregnancy and what you can do to stay safe.

Types of Diabetes in Pregnancy

There are two main types of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy: pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes.

Pre-existing Diabetes

Pre-existing diabetes is when a woman has been diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy. This type is less common but can increase the chances of birth defects, miscarriage, and stillbirth.

Women with pre-existing diabetes also have a higher likelihood of developing diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy during pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually goes away after delivery. It can occur at any stage of pregnancy, but it is more common in the second and third trimesters.

The risk factors for gestational diabetes include obesity, older age, a family history of diabetes, and having had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.

Risks for Mother and Child

Diabetes in pregnancy can lead to many risks for both the mother and the child. Some common risks include:.

Maternal Risks

Pre-eclampsia
High blood pressure
Macrosomia (large baby)
Yeast infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
C-section delivery
Worsening of existing diabetes-related complications

Fetal Risks

Macrosomia (large baby), which can lead to delivery complications and injuries
Low blood sugar
Premature birth
Birth defects
Stillbirth
Respiratory distress syndrome
Jaundice

Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy

If you have diabetes and are planning to become pregnant or are already pregnant, it is important to manage your blood sugar levels and keep them within a healthy range. Here are some tips:.

Pre-pregnancy Care

Get your blood sugar under control before trying to conceive.
Work with your doctor to develop a plan for managing your diabetes during pregnancy.
Take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of birth defects.

During Pregnancy Care

Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet that meets your nutritional needs.
Avoid foods and drinks that contain high amounts of sugar.
Exercise regularly (with your doctor’s approval).
Take insulin or other medications as prescribed by your doctor.
Attend all prenatal appointments and keep your healthcare provider informed of any changes in your health.

Conclusion

Diabetes in pregnancy can be a serious condition that can harm both the mother and the child.

By taking steps to manage your blood sugar levels and following the advice of your healthcare provider, you can greatly reduce the risks associated with diabetes in pregnancy. If you have diabetes and are planning to become pregnant, talk to your doctor about pre-pregnancy care.

If you are already pregnant, make sure to attend all prenatal appointments and work closely with your healthcare provider to ensure a healthy pregnancy.