Selenium is an essential trace element needed by the body in small amounts. It is found in soil, water, and many types of food, including meat, fish, and nuts. Selenium is necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system and thyroid gland.
It is also an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Selenium deficiency is rare in developed countries where the intake of selenium through the diet is sufficient. However, it can occur in people with certain health conditions or those who follow a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Here are the symptoms to watch out for if you suspect you may have a selenium deficiency.
1. Compromised Immune System
Selenium plays a crucial role in the immune system’s response to infection and disease. A deficiency in this trace element may weaken the immune system, reducing the body’s ability to fight infections and illnesses.
People with low levels of selenium may be more susceptible to viral infections, such as influenza and HIV, and may experience more severe symptoms.
2. Thyroid Dysfunction
The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Selenium helps the thyroid gland to function properly by converting the T4 hormone into the active T3 hormone.
A deficiency in selenium may cause an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
3. Fatigue and Weakness
Selenium is involved in energy metabolism, and a deficiency may result in feelings of fatigue and weakness. This could be due to the body’s reduced ability to produce the ATP energy required by cells.
People with low selenium levels may experience low energy levels and a lack of stamina.
4. Cognitive Decline
Selenium has been linked to cognitive function, and its deficiency may contribute to a decline in cognitive abilities.
Low selenium levels have been associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease in older adults. Research suggests that selenium supplementation may help improve cognitive performance in those with mild cognitive impairment.
5. Joint Pain and Inflammation
Selenium has anti-inflammatory properties, and a deficiency may contribute to joint pain and inflammation.
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Where Is Selenium Found and What Does It Do?
Studies suggest that selenium supplementation may help to reduce the severity of symptoms in people with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition characterized by joint inflammation and pain.
6. Reproductive and Fertility Problems
Selenium is necessary for the production and development of healthy sperm and eggs. Its deficiency may lead to reproductive problems, including male infertility and miscarriage in pregnant women.
It has been suggested that selenium supplementation may improve male fertility by increasing sperm count and sperm motility.
7. Hair and Nail Changes
Selenium is essential for healthy hair and nails, and a deficiency may cause changes in their appearance. People with low selenium levels may experience hair loss, brittle nails, and white spots on the nails.
8. Cardiovascular Disease
Selenium has antioxidant properties that help protect the heart and blood vessels from oxidative stress. Its deficiency may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke.
Studies suggest that selenium supplementation may improve cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation and improving blood lipid levels.
9. Increased Cancer Risk
Selenium is believed to have cancer-protective properties, and its deficiency may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, such as prostate, lung, and colon cancer.
Studies suggest that selenium supplementation may help reduce the risk of some cancers, although more research is needed in this area.
10. Mood Changes
Selenium has been shown to have a positive effect on mood, particularly in people with depression. A deficiency in this trace element may contribute to a low mood, irritability, and anxiety.
Research suggests that selenium supplementation may help improve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Conclusion
If you suspect you may have a selenium deficiency, it is important to speak to your healthcare provider.
A blood test can help to determine your selenium levels, and your healthcare provider can advise you on the appropriate treatment, which may include dietary changes or selenium supplementation.
