Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by the buildup of fat in the liver cells. It is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide.

NAFLD is often associated with obesity, but it can also be seen in people who are not overweight. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of NAFLD to prevent complications and seek appropriate medical care.

1. Fatigue and Weakness

One of the earliest signs of NAFLD is unexplained fatigue and weakness. The liver plays a vital role in producing energy and removing toxins from the body.

When the liver is overwhelmed with excess fat, it cannot function properly, leading to feelings of tiredness and decreased energy levels.

2. Abdominal Discomfort

NAFLD can cause discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen, where the liver is located. This discomfort may manifest as a dull or throbbing pain, or as a feeling of fullness and bloating.

It is important not to dismiss such symptoms, as they may indicate liver inflammation or enlargement.

3. Jaundice

In some cases, NAFLD can progress to a more severe form called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause liver inflammation and lead to a condition called jaundice.

Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, and pale stools. It is a sign that the liver is not functioning properly and that immediate medical attention is needed.

4. Abnormal Blood Tests

Routine blood tests may reveal abnormal liver function in individuals with NAFLD. Elevated levels of liver enzymes such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) are often observed.

These enzymes leak into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged or inflamed.

5. Unexplained Weight Loss

A rapid and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of advanced NAFLD or NASH. As the liver becomes more damaged, it may no longer be able to process nutrients properly.

This can result in unintentional weight loss, even without changes in diet or exercise habits.

6. Spider Angiomas

Spider angiomas are tiny blood vessels that appear near the surface of the skin. They are often found on the face, neck, or upper trunk. These red, spider-like lesions may indicate liver dysfunction and can be a visual sign of NAFLD or NASH.

7. Enlarged Liver

During a physical examination, a healthcare provider may be able to feel an enlarged liver by palpating the abdomen. An enlarged liver can be a sign of advanced NAFLD.

However, it is important to note that not all individuals with NAFLD will have an enlarged liver, and further diagnostic tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

8. Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

NAFLD is closely associated with insulin resistance, a condition in which the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin. Insulin resistance is a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

People with NAFLD are at a higher risk of developing diabetes, and the presence of diabetes may worsen the progression of liver disease.

9. Elevated Blood Lipids

NAFLD is often associated with abnormalities in blood lipid levels, such as high cholesterol and triglycerides. These lipid abnormalities can contribute to the development of fatty liver and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

10. Psychological Symptoms

Recent research suggests a potential link between NAFLD and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety.

The exact mechanisms behind this association are still unclear, but it is believed that chronic inflammation and metabolic changes in NAFLD may affect brain function and mood.