Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as premature ovarian insufficiency, is a condition in which the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40. Women with POF have low levels of estrogen and irregular or absent menstrual periods.

This condition can cause infertility and increase the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Here are the signs and symptoms that may indicate POF.

Irregular Periods

Irregular menstrual periods are a common symptom of POF. The length of the menstrual cycle may become longer or shorter than usual, and the bleeding may be lighter or heavier than normal. Some women with POF may skip periods altogether.

Hot Flashes

Hot flashes are sudden feelings of intense warmth and sweating, often accompanied by rapid heartbeat and chills. Hot flashes are a common symptom of menopause, but women with POF may experience them at a younger age.

Vaginal Dryness

Low levels of estrogen can cause vaginal dryness and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Women with POF may also experience itching, burning, or irritation in the vaginal area.

Mood Changes

Changes in mood and behavior are also common with POF. Women may experience depression, anxiety, irritability, or difficulty concentrating. These symptoms may be due to the decreased levels of estrogen in the brain.

Sleep Disturbances

Sleep disturbances are another symptom of POF. Women with POF may have trouble sleeping or wake up frequently during the night. This may be due to hormonal imbalances or anxiety and depression.

Decreased Libido

Low levels of estrogen can also decrease libido and sexual desire. Women with POF may have less interest in sex and may experience decreased pleasure during sexual activity.

Infertility

POF is a common cause of infertility. Women with POF may have difficulty getting pregnant or may not be able to conceive at all. This is because POF reduces the number of eggs available for ovulation.

Bone Loss

Low levels of estrogen can also lead to a loss of bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Women with POF may be at increased risk of these conditions.

Heart Disease

Estrogen also plays a role in protecting the cardiovascular system. Women with POF may be at increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions.

Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disease is more common in women with POF than in the general population. Women with POF should have regular thyroid function tests to monitor for any changes in thyroid hormone levels.