Cervical polyps are growths that occur in the cervix, the narrow passage connecting the uterus to the vagina. These polyps are typically non-cancerous and can range in size and shape.

While they are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause symptoms or lead to complications.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of cervical polyps is not always clear, but certain factors may increase the risk of developing them:.

Chronic inflammation of the cervix
Hormonal imbalances
Multiple pregnancies
Long-term use of contraceptive pills
Estrogen therapy
Age (most common in women in their 40s and 50s)

Symptoms of Cervical Polyps

Cervical polyps often do not cause any noticeable symptoms and are often discovered during routine pelvic exams. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods
Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
Vaginal discharge, which may be bloody or mucousy
Pelvic pain or discomfort

Diagnosing Cervical Polyps

If your healthcare provider suspects the presence of cervical polyps, they may perform the following diagnostic tests:.

Related Article Symptoms of Cervical Polyps

Pelvic examination: This involves a visual inspection of the cervix using a speculum.
Colposcopy: A colposcope, which is a magnifying instrument, is used to examine the cervix more closely.
Transvaginal ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create images of the cervix and uterus.
Endometrial biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of tissue may be removed for further examination.

Treatment Options

If cervical polyps are causing bothersome symptoms or if malignancy cannot be ruled out, your healthcare provider may recommend treatment. The most common treatment options include:.

Polypectomy: This is a simple outpatient procedure in which the polyps are removed using surgical instruments.
Cryosurgery: The polyps are frozen and destroyed using extreme cold.
Cauterization: The polyps are burned off using heat.
Laser therapy: A laser is used to vaporize or remove the polyps.

Complications and When to Seek Medical Attention

In most cases, cervical polyps are benign and easily treated. However, there can be complications, such as:.

Infection: If the cervix is not adequately cleaned before polyp removal, an infection may develop.
Bleeding: There may be excessive bleeding during or after the removal of large polyps.
Recurrence: Polyps can sometimes grow back after being removed.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any abnormal symptoms or if you notice changes in your menstrual cycle or vaginal discharge.

Your healthcare provider will be able to evaluate your symptoms and determine the most appropriate course of action.