Bowel polyps are small, fleshy growths that form on the lining of the colon or rectum. Most bowel polyps are harmless, but some can develop into cancer over time.

Size does matter when it comes to bowel polyps, as larger polyps are more likely to become cancerous than smaller polyps. In this article, we will discuss the link between bowel polyps and cancer and what you can do to prevent them from developing.

What are Bowel Polyps?

Bowel polyps are growths that form on the lining of the colon or rectum. They can be small or large, flat or raised, and have a variety of shapes and colors. Most bowel polyps are non-cancerous (benign) and do not cause any symptoms.

However, in some cases, they can develop into cancer over time.

What is the Link Between Bowel Polyps and Cancer?

Not all bowel polyps will develop into cancer, but some types of polyps are more likely to become cancerous than others. The two most common types of bowel polyps are adenomatous polyps and hyperplastic polyps.

Adenomatous polyps are a type of pre-cancerous polyp that can develop into cancer over time. They are more likely to become cancerous when they grow to be larger than 1 centimeter in size.

Adenomatous polyps can be flat or raised and have a tubular or villous shape.

Hyperplastic polyps, on the other hand, are non-cancerous polyps that are less likely to become cancerous. They are typically smaller in size, less than 5 millimeters in diameter, and have a smooth, flat surface.

However, some hyperplastic polyps can develop into a type of cancer called sessile serrated adenoma, which makes up about 20% of all colorectal cancers.

What are the Symptoms of Bowel Polyps?

Most bowel polyps do not cause any symptoms and are usually discovered during a routine colonoscopy or other screening test. However, larger polyps or polyps in certain locations in the colon or rectum can cause symptoms such as:.

Blood in the stool
Diarrhea or constipation
Abdominal pain or cramping
Feeling of incomplete bowel movements
Fatigue or weakness

Who is at Risk for Bowel Polyps?

Anyone can develop bowel polyps, but certain factors can increase your risk, including:.

Age: Risk increases after age 50
Family history of bowel polyps or colorectal cancer
Personal history of certain types of cancer, such as ovarian or breast cancer
Inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
Lifestyle factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and a high-fat, low-fiber diet
Obesity and physical inactivity

How are Bowel Polyps Diagnosed and Treated?

Bowel polyps are typically diagnosed during a colonoscopy, which is a procedure that uses a flexible, lighted tube with a camera to examine the colon and rectum. During the colonoscopy, the polyp can be removed and sent to a lab for testing.

The treatment for bowel polyps depends on the size, type, and number of polyps found. Small polyps may be removed during the colonoscopy, while larger polyps may require surgery to remove them.

If cancer is found, additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be necessary.

How can Bowel Polyps be Prevented?

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing bowel polyps:.

Get regular screening tests beginning at age 50, or earlier if you have increased risk factors
Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Limit red meat and processed meat consumption
Exercise regularly
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake

The Bottom Line

Bowel polyps are a common condition that can develop into cancer over time. Adenomatous polyps, in particular, are more likely to become cancerous when they grow to be larger than 1 centimeter in size.

While most polyps do not cause any symptoms, regular screening tests beginning at age 50 can help detect polyps early and prevent them from developing into cancer.