The spleen is a vital organ located on the left side of the abdomen, near the stomach. It has important functions in the immune and circulatory systems. The spleen filters blood, removing old or damaged blood cells and producing new ones.

It also helps fight infections by producing white blood cells, which help the body to defend itself against germs and bacteria.

While the spleen plays an essential role in maintaining good health, it can also become enlarged, which may indicate a more serious underlying condition.

In this article, we will explore the causes of spleen enlargement and when you should be concerned about this condition.

What Causes Spleen Enlargement?

There are several possible reasons behind spleen enlargement, including:.

Infections

Infections, such as mononucleosis, a viral infection that occurs most commonly in teenagers and young adults can cause the spleen to enlarge. Other infections, such as bacterial infections from streptococcus, salmonella, and E.

coli, can also lead to an enlarged spleen.

Liver Disease

Conditions that affect the liver, such as cirrhosis, can cause the spleen to enlarge. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term damage from conditions like hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and fatty liver disease.

As blood can back up in the spleen due to the scarring of the liver, the spleen starts to swell.

Blood Cancers

Blood cancers like leukemia, lymphomas, and myelomas can cause abnormal cells to build up in the spleen leading to enlargement in spleen.

Other Medical conditions

Other medical conditions that may cause spleen enlargement include autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis.

What Are The Symptoms Of An Enlarged Spleen?

In some cases, you may not experience any symptoms with spleen enlargement. However, if the spleen enlarges significantly, it can cause discomfort, pain, and other issues. Common symptoms of enlarged spleen include:.

Pain or discomfort in the upper left abdomen
Feels fullness or pressure in the same area
Bloating or gas
Unintentional weight loss
Anemia
Fatigue
Infections that keep coming back
Bleeding and bruising easily

When To Be Concerned?

Mild spleen enlargement may not be a cause for concern, especially in conditions like mono that will likely resolve on its own without a medical intervention.

However, if you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek medical attention immediately:.

Severe pain in the upper left abdomen.
Pain that radiates to the left shoulder.
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Lightheadedness or dizziness.
Fast heart rate.

In some cases, an enlarged spleen can rupture, which can result in severe and life-threatening bleeding. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:.

Sudden, sharp pain in the left side of the abdomen.
Feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
Fatigue or weakness.
Feeling confused or disoriented.
Fast heart rate.

How Is Spleen Enlargement Diagnosed?

If a doctor suspects that the cause of your symptoms is an enlarged spleen, they will conduct a physical exam. During the exam, the doctor will feel your abdomen to assess the size of the spleen. Other diagnostic tests may include:.

Blood tests to check for infections or anemia.
Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to observe the size and shape of your spleen.
Biopsies or blood tests to check for blood disorders and cancer.

How Is Spleen Enlargement Treated?

Treatment for spleen enlargement depends on the underlying cause of the condition. If your spleen is enlarged due to a condition like mononucleosis, it will likely resolve on its own with proper rest and hydration.

However, if the spleen is enlarged due to a more serious underlying condition, such as cirrhosis or blood cancer, treatment may be more complicated and involve further diagnostic tests and treatments such as chemotherapy radiation or surgery.

Conclusion

Spleen enlargement can be a sign of a serious underlying condition. While mild enlargement may not be a cause for concern, severe symptoms like severe pain or rupture of the spleen require immediate medical attention.

If you suspect you may have an enlarged spleen, be sure to speak with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.