Aortic valve stenosis is a type of heart disease that hinders the proper functioning of the aortic valve. The aortic valve’s main function is to ensure the flow of blood from the heart to the aorta, which then distributes it throughout the body.

If an individual has aortic valve stenosis, the valve is unable to open up fully, obstructing the flow of blood to the aorta and the rest of the body. If left untreated, aortic valve stenosis can lead to serious health complications and can even prove fatal in the worst-case scenario.

What Causes Aortic Valve Stenosis?

Aortic valve stenosis is typically linked with old age and the natural wear and tear that occurs in our bodies over time. It can also arise from the following factors:.

Born with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Most people have a tricuspid aortic valve, which consists of three flaps that regulate blood flow. However, some are born with only two flaps, known as bicuspid aortic valves, increasing their risk of developing aortic valve stenosis.
Pulmonary Disease: Certain pulmonary diseases can lead to the development of aortic valve stenosis, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Rheumatic Fever: Rheumatic fever, an inflammatory condition caused by untreated infections, can lead to the formation of scar tissue that can hinder proper aortic valve functioning.
Calcium Buildup: Calcium buildup can obstruct the aortic valve’s functioning, leading to the development of aortic valve stenosis.

What Are the Indications of Aortic Valve Stenosis?

Early symptoms of aortic valve stenosis are rather mild and easy to ignore; they typically don’t pose any significant danger.

However, as the disease progresses and the valve’s narrowing becomes more severe, symptoms can become more pronounced and pose a threat to an individual’s health. Some common indications of aortic valve stenosis include:.

Chest Pain: Chest pain or pressure may develop due to the heart working harder than usual to push blood through the narrowed valve opening.
Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially while engaging in physical activities, is also a common symptom of aortic valve stenosis.
Fatigue and Weakness: An individual with aortic valve stenosis may feel excessively tired or weak, even after resting well.
Fainting: If the valve’s obstruction becomes severe, an individual may faint due to insufficient blood and oxygen flow to the brain. This is a serious indication of aortic valve stenosis.
Heart Murmurs: Heart murmurs caused by turbulent blood flow is a common sign of aortic valve stenosis. Your healthcare provider may hear a heart murmur when listening to your heart with a stethoscope.

How Is Aortic Valve Stenosis Diagnosed?

Doctors may use a physical examination, diagnostic tests, and medical imaging to diagnose aortic valve stenosis. Here are some common diagnostic methods:.

Physical Examination: Your doctor may listen to your heart with a stethoscope and may detect heart murmurs, an indication of the disease.
Echocardiogram: This diagnostic test uses sound waves to create a picture of the heart’s valve and chambers, giving healthcare providers a better view of the diseased valve and its functionality levels.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the heart’s electrical activity, which can detect abnormal rhythms and indications of heart disease.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI can create 3D images of the heart, enabling healthcare providers to take a closer look at the valve and other structures.
X-rays: X-rays may be used to examine the heart and lungs for indications of the disease.

What Are the Complications of Aortic Valve Stenosis?

If left untreated, aortic valve stenosis can lead to serious health complications and can prove fatal. The following complications are the most common:.

Heart Failure: As the aortic valve malfunction worsens, the heart will have to work harder to compensate, leading to heart failure.
Blood Clots and Stroke: Irregular blood flow patterns can lead to blood clot formation, increasing the risk of a stroke.
Infections: Aortic valve stenosis can weaken the immune system, making an individual more susceptible to infections that can lead to endocarditis, a serious heart infection.
Sudden Cardiac Death: In severe cases, the individual may experience sudden cardiac death, which is usually due to an abnormal heart rhythm.

Treatment Options for Aortic Valve Stenosis

Treatment options for aortic valve stenosis will depend on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not require any treatment but will require healthcare providers to monitor the condition closely.

There are several treatment options for aortic valve stenosis, including:.

Medications: Medications such as ACE inhibitors, diuretics, and beta-blockers can help reduce the heart’s workload and improve its efficiency.
Balloon Valvuloplasty:This non-surgical option uses a balloon catheter to widen the valve opening. Although less invasive than other options, it is generally not considered effective or a long-term solution.
Surgical Options: Surgery may be necessary if the condition is deemed severe enough to pose a risk to an individual’s health, functioning, or life. There are several surgical options available, depending on the individual’s condition, including aortic valve replacement and TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement).

The Bottom Line

Aortic valve stenosis can prove fatal if left untreated. Symptoms are mild in the early stages of the condition, and it’s easy to ignore them.

However, regular check-ups with your healthcare provider and early diagnosis are crucial in managing the condition and preventing severe complications. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above or belong to an at-risk group, it’s essential to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can help reduce the risks associated with the disease.