Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a medical condition that affects the lining of the stomach. It is considered a hidden danger because symptoms may not appear until the disease is in its advanced stages.

This makes early detection and treatment challenging, resulting in a lower survival rate compared to other forms of cancer. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for stomach cancer.

Understanding Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer occurs when healthy cells lining the stomach become abnormal and grow uncontrollably. These cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or bones.

There are different types of stomach cancer, including:.

1. Adenocarcinoma

This is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for 90-95% of all cases. It occurs in the glandular cells responsible for producing mucus and other fluids in the stomach lining.

2. Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the immune system cells called lymphocytes. It can develop anywhere in the body, including the stomach. Stomach lymphoma is relatively rare compared to other types of stomach cancer.

3. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)

GISTs are rare tumors that develop in the stomach’s wall. They may not always be cancerous but can still cause complications and need medical attention.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of stomach cancer is unknown, but several factors can increase the risk of developing the disease. These include:.

1. Helicobacter pylori infection

H. pylori is a common type of bacteria that can infect the stomach lining. It is a major risk factor for stomach cancer as it can cause chronic inflammation, leading to the development of cancerous cells over time.

2. Diet

A diet rich in smoked, pickled, or salty foods can increase the risk of stomach cancer. Consuming a diet low in fruits and vegetables, and high in processed meats, can also contribute to the development of the disease.

3. Family history

Individuals with a family history of stomach cancer have a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. Genetic factors passed down through generations can play a role in increasing susceptibility to stomach cancer.

4. Smoking and alcohol consumption

Smoking tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly increase the risk of developing stomach cancer.

Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

Early-stage stomach cancer may not present any noticeable symptoms, but as the disease progresses, the following signs may appear:.

1. Indigestion and heartburn

Chronic indigestion, discomfort, or heartburn can be early warning signs of stomach cancer. These symptoms may occur after eating and may not improve with over-the-counter medications.

2. Abdominal pain and swelling

Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, or a feeling of fullness even after a small meal can indicate stomach cancer.

3. Nausea and vomiting

Unexplained episodes of persistent nausea, vomiting, or both should be brought to the attention of a healthcare professional.

4. Unintentional weight loss

Rapid and unexplained weight loss without any changes in diet or exercise habits can be a concerning symptom of stomach cancer.

Diagnosis

To diagnose stomach cancer, a healthcare professional may perform the following tests:.

1. Upper endoscopy

During an upper endoscopy, a thin tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth and into the stomach to examine the lining for abnormalities or signs of cancer.

2. Biopsy

If abnormal tissue is detected during an endoscopy, a biopsy may be performed. This involves removing a small sample of tissue for further examination in a laboratory.

3. Imaging tests

Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to determine the extent of cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment Options

The treatment of stomach cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of cancer, overall health, and personal preferences of the patient. Common treatment options include:.

1. Surgery

Surgical removal of the tumor and nearby affected tissues is the primary treatment for stomach cancer. In some cases, a partial or total gastrectomy may be necessary.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth. It can be administered before or after surgery, or as the primary treatment option for advanced stages of stomach cancer.

3. Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. It may be used alongside surgery or chemotherapy to target and kill remaining cancer cells.

4. Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy involves medications that specifically target cancer cells or their supporting structures, minimizing damage to healthy cells. This type of treatment can be effective for certain types of stomach cancer.

Conclusion

Stomach cancer is a hidden danger and often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making it challenging to treat effectively.

Knowing the risk factors, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking early medical attention can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment and improved outcomes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, can also reduce the risk of developing stomach cancer.