Infertility is a complex and sensitive issue that affects many couples around the world. The inability to conceive can be emotionally and psychologically distressing, often causing stress, anxiety, and depression.

Generally, infertility is defined as the inability to get pregnant despite having frequent and unprotected intercourse for at least a year. While infertility is not a problem that only women face, the social stigma is more on women. In reality, both genders can suffer from infertility and understanding the warning signs is essential to improve the chances of conception.

Signs of infertility in females

1. Irregular periods

Irregular menstrual cycles could be an indication of hormonal imbalances that affect ovulation, making pregnancy more difficult to achieve.

A healthy menstrual cycle lasts for an average of 28 days with a deviation of 3 days, and regular ovulation occurs in every cycle.

2. Heavy bleeding

Every woman’s menstrual cycle is different, but any variation resulting in abnormally heavy bleeding or prolonged periods could be a sign of infertility and should be addressed with a doctor immediately.

3. Painful periods

Period pain is common, but chronic pelvic pain, discomfort during intercourse, and inflammation indicate potential fertility issues, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

4. Age

The age factor plays a significant role in female fertility. After age 35, the fertility rate dramatically drops, and the risk of miscarriages and genetic abnormalities significantly increase.

Women of this age range should seek medical attention when having difficulties conceiving.

5. Family history

A family history of infertility, endometriosis, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can significantly increase a woman’s potential infertility risk. Women with a family history of these issues should seek advice from a doctor.

Signs of Infertility in Males

1. Erectile dysfunction

Erection difficulties may be a symptom of fertility problems in men since either insufficient blood flow or nerve damage to the penis can prevent a man from having an erection.

2. Low sperm count

According to the World Health Organization, a healthy sperm count ranges from 15 million to more than 200 million sperm per milliliter of semen, but counts below this range are known as oligospermia and are linked to infertility risks.

3. Reduced ejaculate volume

A reduced ejaculate or slow ejaculation volume suggests a decreased sperm count and weak sperm movement, leading to infertility.

4. Age

Like females, males also experience age-related fertility issues. Age affects sperm production and quality, leading to difficulty in conceiving. Men above 40 are more likely to face infertility issues due to low sperm count.

5. Family history

A history of male infertility in a family, traits of genetic disorders like cystic fibrosis or Klinefelter Syndrome increases the chances of infertility in men.

Conclusion

Infertility issues can be complex. It is not limited to females or males; depending on the issue, both genders can face infertility problems. Early detection and timely intervention can significantly increase the chances of bearing a child.

Reproductive health is vital, and attempting to conceive should not put an undue burden on couples. When the situation arises, seeking medical assistance can be the best way forward.