The seasonal flu, also known as the influenza virus, is a contagious respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The flu virus spreads easily from person to person, and it can have serious complications for certain populations.

In this article, we’ll discuss the ABCs of the seasonal flu, including transmission, symptoms, and complications.

Transmission

The flu virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

The virus can also spread when a person touches a surface contaminated with the virus and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes.

The flu virus typically spreads during flu season, which can begin as early as October and last as late as May. Children and adults who have not been vaccinated are most at risk of contracting and spreading the flu virus.

Symptoms

The symptoms of the seasonal flu can vary from person to person, but common symptoms include:.

Fever or feeling feverish/chills
Coughing
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headaches
Fatigue
Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children)

It’s important to note that not everyone with the flu will have a fever. Some people may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have to be hospitalized due to severe symptoms or complications.

Complications

The flu can lead to complications, especially in certain populations such as:.

Elderly adults
Pregnant women
Young children
Individuals with chronic health conditions such as asthma or diabetes

Complications of the flu can include:.

Pneumonia
Dehydration
Worsening of chronic medical conditions
Ear infections
Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

Complications from the flu can be serious and, in some cases, can be fatal. It’s important to seek medical attention if flu symptoms become severe.

Prevention

The best way to prevent the flu is to get a flu vaccine every year. The flu vaccine can reduce the risk of getting the flu and can also make symptoms less severe if you do get sick. Other ways to prevent the spread of the flu include:.

Washing your hands regularly
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
Staying home from work or school if you are sick

Treatment

If you do get the seasonal flu, there are several treatment options available, including:.

Antiviral medications (prescription medications that can reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms)
Over-the-counter medications (such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen) to reduce fever and relieve symptoms
Rest and hydration

If you develop severe symptoms or complications, you may need to be hospitalized for treatment.

Conclusion

The seasonal flu can be a serious illness, but there are steps you can take to prevent its spread and protect yourself from complications.

Getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and seeking medical attention when symptoms become severe can all help reduce the risk of contracting and spreading the flu virus.