The liver is an important organ in the human body, performing a wide range of functions that are essential for overall health and well-being.

Located in the upper right side of the abdomen, the liver is responsible for several vital processes such as detoxification, metabolism, and synthesis of essential substances. In this article, we will explore the basic functions of the liver in detail.

1. Detoxification

The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances in the body.

It filters and breaks down toxins, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful chemicals, converting them into less harmful compounds that can be eliminated from the body through urine or bile.

2. Metabolism

The liver is involved in various metabolic processes that are necessary for maintaining the body’s overall functioning. It metabolizes nutrients from the food we eat, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

It also helps regulate blood sugar levels by storing glucose as glycogen and releasing it when needed.

3. Bile production

The liver produces bile, a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when fatty foods are consumed.

Bile contains bile acids, which help emulsify fats and facilitate their breakdown during digestion.

4. Storage of vitamins and minerals

The liver acts as a storage organ for various vitamins and minerals that are essential for the body’s overall functioning. It stores vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12, as well as iron and copper.

These stored nutrients are released into the bloodstream as and when required.

5. Synthesis of proteins

The liver is responsible for synthesizing several important proteins, including albumin, which helps maintain fluid balance in the body, and clotting factors, which are necessary for the normal coagulation of blood.

It also produces certain hormones and enzymes that regulate various bodily processes.

6. Production of cholesterol

The liver plays a central role in cholesterol metabolism. It produces both HDL (good) cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol.

HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver for processing and elimination.

7. Detoxification of ammonia

The liver detoxifies ammonia, a waste product of protein metabolism. It converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted in urine.

If the liver fails to perform this function efficiently, it can lead to a buildup of ammonia in the blood, causing serious health issues.

8. Breakdown and excretion of bilirubin

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment produced during the breakdown of old red blood cells. The liver helps break down and excrete bilirubin, preventing its buildup in the body.

Excess bilirubin can lead to jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.

9. Immune system support

The liver plays a vital role in supporting the body’s immune system. It produces immune factors and removes bacteria and other foreign particles from the bloodstream, helping to prevent infections and diseases.

It also assists in the regeneration of immune cells.