Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths of the uterus that can develop during a woman’s childbearing years.

These growths are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. In this guide, we will explore what fibroids are, what causes them, and how they are diagnosed and treated.

What are the Symptoms of Fibroids?

Many women with fibroids have no symptoms and may not even be aware they have them. However, for others, fibroids can cause a range of symptoms, including:.

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination
Difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Lower back pain
Pain during sex

In some cases, fibroids can also cause complications during pregnancy and childbirth, such as premature labor or the need for a cesarean delivery.

What Causes Fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is not known, but research suggests that several factors may play a role:.

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Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, may stimulate fibroid growth.
Genetics: Fibroids may run in families, suggesting a genetic component to their development.
Uterine tissue growth: It’s possible that the cells in the uterine wall may undergo changes that lead to the development of fibroids.

How are Fibroids Diagnosed?

Fibroids are typically diagnosed during a routine pelvic exam. If your healthcare provider suspects you have fibroids, they may order additional tests, such as:.

Ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging test uses sound waves to create images of your uterus and ovaries.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of your uterus and ovaries.
Hysteroscopy: This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix to view the inside of the uterus.
Endometrial biopsy: During this procedure, your healthcare provider will remove a small sample of tissue from the lining of your uterus to check for abnormal cells.

How are Fibroids Treated?

The appropriate treatment for fibroids depends on the size, location, and severity of your symptoms. Options include:.

Watchful waiting: If your fibroids are small and not causing any symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend monitoring them for any changes.
Medications: Certain drugs, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and progestins, can help shrink fibroids and reduce symptoms.
Uterine artery embolization: This minimally invasive procedure involves blocking the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
Myomectomy: This surgical procedure involves removing individual fibroids while leaving the uterus intact.
Hysterectomy: This surgical procedure involves removing the entire uterus and is typically only recommended for severe cases.

Can Fibroids be Prevented?

Unfortunately, there is no surefire way to prevent fibroids from developing. However, maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly may help reduce your risk.

The Bottom Line

Fibroids are a common condition that affects many women, but the good news is that there are several effective treatments available. If you’re experiencing symptoms of fibroids, talk to your healthcare provider about your options.