Periodic disorders, also known as periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), is a sleep disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the legs and arms during sleep.

It affects approximately 4% of the population and can lead to a range of physical, mental, and emotional health issues. Recent research has also linked PLMD to early mortality, raising concerns about the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for this disorder.

What Causes Periodic Disorders?

The cause of periodic disorders is not yet well-understood, but it is thought to be related to disruptions in the brain’s neurotransmitters responsible for controlling muscle activity during sleep.

These disruptions can be caused by a variety of factors, including:.

Iron deficiency
Medications that affect dopamine levels
Peripheral neuropathy
Sleep apnea

Symptoms of Periodic Disorders

The most common symptom of periodic disorder is involuntary limb movements during sleep. These movements can be mild or severe and may affect one or both arms and legs. Other symptoms may include:.

Unrestful sleep
Daytime fatigue
Memory problems
Mood changes
Depression and anxiety

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of periodic disorder typically involves a sleep study called a polysomnogram, which records brain activity, eye movements, and muscle tone during sleep. Treatment options may include:.

Medications such as dopamine agonists or benzodiazepines
Lifestyle changes such as improving sleep hygiene and engaging in regular exercise
Treatment of underlying conditions such as sleep apnea or iron deficiency

Link to Early Mortality

A growing body of research has linked periodic disorders to an increased risk of early mortality. One study found that individuals with PLMD had a 34% higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those without the disorder.

Another study found that PLMD was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

The exact mechanisms by which periodic disorders contribute to early mortality are not yet clear, but some researchers speculate that the disorder’s impact on sleep quality and the immune system may be contributing factors.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

The findings linking periodic disorders to early mortality underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

While there is no cure for the disorder, effective treatment can improve sleep quality and reduce the likelihood of developing related health issues.

If you suspect that you or a loved one may be experiencing periodic limb movement disorder, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider to get an accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.

Conclusion

Periodic disorders are a sleep disorder that affects a significant portion of the population and can lead to a range of health issues, including early mortality.

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, individuals with the disorder can improve their sleep quality and reduce their risk of developing related health conditions.