Meniscus tears are a common injury among athletes and active people. The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that cushions the knee joint. When the knee experiences a sudden twist or turn, the meniscus can tear.

Depending on the severity of the tear, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the damaged cartilage. However, the effectiveness and necessity of meniscus surgery have become a topic of debate among medical professionals.

What is meniscus surgery?

Meniscus surgery is a procedure that can include removing all or part of the meniscus or repairing the tear. The surgery is usually performed with an arthroscope, a small camera that allows the surgeon to see inside the knee joint.

During the procedure, the surgeon will make a few small incisions around the knee and insert the arthroscope. The camera will display the inside of the knee on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to locate the tear. Using small surgical instruments, the surgeon will remove the damaged piece of the meniscus or stitch it back together.

Effectiveness of meniscus surgery

There is debate among medical professionals about the effectiveness of meniscus surgery. Some studies suggest that the surgery is no more effective than non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy and rest.

According to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, patients who underwent meniscus surgery reported no greater improvement in knee function than those who received physical therapy. The same study also found that surgery increased the risk of complications such as infection and blood clots.

On the other hand, proponents of meniscus surgery point to studies that show positive results from the procedure.

A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that patients who underwent meniscal repair had significantly better outcomes than those who received non-surgical treatment. The study also found that the benefits of surgery were greater for patients with larger tears and younger patients.

Types of meniscus surgery

There are two main types of meniscus surgery: partial meniscectomy and meniscal repair.

Partial meniscectomy

Partial meniscectomy is the most common type of meniscus surgery. During this procedure, the surgeon will remove the damaged portion of the meniscus. The remainder of the meniscus will remain intact and continue to provide cushioning for the knee joint.

Partial meniscectomy is typically a minimally invasive procedure and patients can usually return to normal activities within a few weeks.

Meniscal repair

Meniscal repair is a more complex procedure that involves stitching the torn meniscus back together. This procedure is typically reserved for younger patients with larger tears.

Meniscal repair requires a longer recovery period and may require the use of crutches or a knee brace for several weeks or months.

Risks of meniscus surgery

Like any surgery, meniscus surgery carries risks. Complications can include:.

Infection
Blood clots
Nerve damage
Reaction to anesthesia
Continued pain or weakness in the knee

In some cases, meniscus surgery may fail to successfully repair the tear or may cause additional damage to the knee joint.

Alternative treatments

Non-surgical treatments for meniscus tears include rest, ice, and physical therapy. Physical therapy can help strengthen the muscles around the knee joint and improve flexibility.

In some cases, a brace or crutches may be necessary to support the knee while it heals. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can help reduce pain and inflammation.

When is meniscus surgery necessary?

The decision to undergo meniscus surgery depends on a number of factors, including the location and severity of the tear, the patient’s age and activity level, and the presence of other knee injuries or conditions.

In general, surgery is recommended for patients with larger tears, younger patients, and those who experience persistent pain and limited mobility despite non-surgical treatment.

Conclusion

The effectiveness and necessity of meniscus surgery continue to be a topic of debate among medical professionals.

While some studies suggest that non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy may be just as effective as surgery, others point to positive results from meniscal repair. Ultimately, the decision to undergo meniscus surgery should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider based on the individual patient’s needs and circumstances.