High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered “good” cholesterol.

It helps remove harmful low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from the bloodstream and transport it to the liver where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. That’s why higher levels of HDL-C are often associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

However, new research is shedding light on the “dark side” of HDL-C. While HDL-C is generally beneficial, extremely high levels of HDL-C can actually increase the risk of heart disease and other health complications.

What is HDL-C?

Before we dive into the potential risks associated with high levels of HDL-C, let’s first take a closer look at what HDL-C is and why it’s important.

HDL-C is a type of lipoprotein that is often referred to as “good” cholesterol.

It is produced by the liver and small intestine and carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. HDL-C also has anti-inflammatory properties and may help protect against the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).

In general, a higher level of HDL-C is considered desirable because it can help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Some studies have also suggested that HDL-C may have other health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

The potential risks of high levels of HDL-C

While HDL-C is generally considered a beneficial lipid, recent research has suggested that extremely high levels of HDL-C can actually increase the risk of heart disease and other complications.

One study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that people with very high levels of HDL-C (above 90 mg/dL) had a significantly increased risk of heart disease compared to those with more moderate levels of HDL-C (around 50-60 mg/dL).

This increased risk may be due to a process called reverse cholesterol transport.

In people with extremely high levels of HDL-C, the reverse cholesterol transport may become less efficient, leading to a buildup of cholesterol in the arteries and an increased risk of heart disease.

Other research has suggested that very high levels of HDL-C may be associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer.

The role of genetics

It’s worth noting that the potential risks associated with high levels of HDL-C may be influenced by genetics.

Some people may have a genetic predisposition to extremely high levels of HDL-C, which could increase their risk of heart disease and other complications.

However, even if you have a genetic predisposition to high levels of HDL-C, there are steps you can take to help mitigate the potential risks.

These include maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

The importance of balance

Ultimately, the key takeaway from this research is the importance of balance. While HDL-C is generally considered beneficial, it’s important to strive for moderate levels and avoid extremely high levels.

This can be achieved through a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding unhealthy habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

The “dark side” of HDL-C serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of balance and moderation.

While HDL-C is generally considered a beneficial lipid, extremely high levels of HDL-C may actually increase the risk of heart disease and other health complications. As such, it’s important to strive for moderate levels of HDL-C through a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding unhealthy habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.