Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that occurs when bacteria enters the kidneys via the urinary tract. It is a serious condition that can lead to kidney damage if left untreated.

This article will provide an in-depth look at pyelonephritis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Causes of Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is primarily caused by bacteria. The most common bacteria responsible for the infection is Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally resides in the gastrointestinal tract but can travel to the urinary tract and infect the kidneys.

Other bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, can also cause pyelonephritis. In some cases, a viral or fungal infection may cause the condition.

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

The symptoms of pyelonephritis can vary from person to person, but common signs include:.

Fever and chills
Back or abdominal pain
Frequent urination
Burning sensation during urination
Blood in the urine
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue or weakness

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis.

Diagnosis of Pyelonephritis

To diagnose pyelonephritis, a healthcare professional will perform a physical examination and review your medical history. They may also order the following tests:.

Urinalysis: This test analyzes a urine sample for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, and other abnormalities.
Urine culture: A sample of urine is cultured in a laboratory to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Blood tests: These tests can help evaluate kidney function and detect any signs of infection.
Imaging tests: X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans may be conducted to assess the kidneys and urinary tract for any abnormalities or blockages.

Based on the results of these tests, a healthcare professional can confirm a diagnosis of pyelonephritis.

Treatment of Pyelonephritis

The treatment for pyelonephritis typically involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.

The specific antibiotic prescribed may vary based on the bacteria identified in the urine culture and its sensitivity to different antibiotics.

In severe cases, hospitalization might be necessary to administer antibiotics intravenously and ensure proper hydration. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to alleviate symptoms like pain and fever.

It is essential to complete the full course of antibiotics prescribed, even if you start feeling better before finishing them. This helps prevent reinfection and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Preventing Pyelonephritis

There are several measures you can take to prevent pyelonephritis:.

Stay hydrated: Drinking an adequate amount of water helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
Urinate regularly: Avoid holding in urine for long periods as it increases the risk of bacterial growth.
Practice good hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the restroom to prevent the spread of bacteria from the anus to the urethra.
Empty your bladder before and after sexual intercourse.
Avoid using irritating feminine products, such as douches or powders.
Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothing.

By following these preventative measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing pyelonephritis.