Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the proper functioning of the nervous system, brain development and the production of red blood cells in the body.

It is found naturally in animal products such as meat, fish, and dairy products. The body can store vitamin B12 for several years, and children who may have a deficiency can show no obvious symptoms for a long time before more severe symptoms arise.

However, if a child is deficient in vitamin B12, it can lead to serious health problems both short and long term.

Causes and Risk Factors for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children

The causes of vitamin B12 deficiency in children are wide-ranging. Since vitamin B12 is found mainly in animal products, strict vegetarians and vegans are at a higher risk of developing a deficiency if they do not consume supplements or fortified foods.

Little or no access to nutritious food, or a lack of awareness of the importance of proper nutrition in the caregivers of children, can also contribute to a deficiency. In addition, problems with the digestive system, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease, can prevent the proper absorption of vitamin B12 in the body.

Children who suffer from malabsorption problems can be at risk regardless of adequate dietary intake since they may be unable to absorb sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 from food alone.

Besides, a significant factor contributing to developing a vitamin B12 deficiency is consumption of fad diets that are low in specific vitamins and minerals. Fad diets tend to eliminate or limit certain food groups, making it challenging to obtain essential nutrients adequately.

Similarly, children who experience digestive problems due to chronic alcohol abuse, taking certain medications, and some medications for heartburn and acid reflux can also increase the risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children

Vitamin B12 deficiency in children can manifest in a variety of ways, and symptoms may vary depending on the child’s age, duration and severity of the deficiency. However, some of the most common symptoms include:.

fatigue
weakness
pale skin
poor appetite
weight loss
constipation
tingling sensation or numbness
confusion or memory loss
irritability
difficulty walking

In infants, vitamin B12 deficiency can cause developmental delays, including poor motor skills, delayed speech, and lack of interest in the environment.

Young children and school-aged children who are deficient in vitamin B12 may also experience slower-than-normal growth and development.

Diagnosis and Treatment for Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children

A lack of vitamin B12 in children can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure their vitamin levels in the body.

A physical examination of a child might reveal pale skin, swelling of the tongue and a rapid pulse, all of which are common signs of a vitamin B12 deficiency.

The treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in children typically involves the administration of high doses of vitamin B12 supplements, either orally or by injection, depending upon the particular child’s needs.

The goal of treatment is to restore the body’s vitamin B12 supply to proper levels and can take anywhere from several weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the deficiency. In some cases where a child is diagnosed with a medical condition that impairs their ability to absorb vitamin B12, long-term treatment might be necessary.

Preventing Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children

Vitamin B12 deficiency in children can be prevented by ensuring they consume a properly balanced diet that includes rich sources of vitamin B12 such as meat, fish, and dairy products.

Parents must set a proper dietary intake plan for their children and provide them with healthy food choices to ensure they are receiving adequate nutrition. If a child is on a vegan diet, fortified foods or supplements can be necessary. Proper and frequent consultations with a pediatrician or a nutritionist can be beneficial in making the proper dietary decisions for your child.

The Bottom Line

Children require adequate nutrition for the proper growth and development of their bodies. The deficiency of vitamin B12 can cause serious problems in children, leading to both short-term and long-term health issues.

It is essential to take preventative measures to ensure children receive the necessary vitamins and minerals they need for their overall health and well-being. Proper dietary intake of food rich in vitamin B12 can help prevent any potential vitamin B12 deficiency in children.