Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms.

Although the exact cause of MS is unknown, researchers have identified several risk factors that can increase the chance of developing the disease. One of the most promising protective factors against MS is breastfeeding.

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

MS is a neurological condition that affects the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the body’s immune system attacking the insulation (myelin) around nerve fibers, leading to damage and inflammation.

The symptoms of MS can vary widely, depending on which nerves are affected, but often include muscle weakness, vision problems, balance issues, and cognitive impairment.

The Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis

MS is a relatively rare disease, affecting an estimated 2.5 million people worldwide. The incidence of MS varies depending on the population, with higher rates reported in European and North American countries.

MS is more common in women than men, and usually develops between the ages of 20 and 40.

Breastfeeding and Multiple Sclerosis Risk

Several studies have examined the relationship between breastfeeding and MS risk, and the results have consistently shown that breastfeeding can have a protective effect against the disease.

In fact, breastfeeding has been linked to a 30-50% reduction in MS risk.

How Does Breastfeeding Reduce MS Risk?

The exact mechanisms by which breastfeeding reduces MS risk are not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed.

One theory is that the hormones involved in lactation (such as prolactin) may have anti-inflammatory effects that protect against nerve damage and inflammation. Another theory is that the immune system changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation may alter the body’s response to autoimmune diseases like MS.

Other Benefits of Breastfeeding

In addition to reducing MS risk, breastfeeding offers many other important health benefits for both mother and baby.

Breast milk provides the ideal balance of nutrients and antibodies needed for a baby’s growth and development, and breastfeeding has been linked to a lower risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), as well as a reduced risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis for the mother.