Hypothermia is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body temperature drops below normal. It can happen in cold weather, but it can also occur in moderate temperature if the person is exposed to wetness for a prolonged period.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hypothermia is crucial as prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent serious complications or even death. In this article, we will explore the red flags of hypothermia and provide you with the knowledge to know when to act.

1. Shivering and Intense Cold Sensation

One of the most common early signs of hypothermia is shivering. When the body temperature drops, the muscles contract and relax rapidly in an attempt to generate heat.

Shivering may start mildly and progressively become more violent as hypothermia worsens. In addition to shivering, individuals with hypothermia often report feeling extremely cold, even when the environment is not considered frigid.

2. Slurred Speech and Confusion

As hypothermia progresses, it affects the central nervous system, leading to impaired brain function. Slurred speech and confusion are typical symptoms seen in individuals with moderate to severe hypothermia.

The person may have difficulty articulating their thoughts coherently, have trouble finding the right words, and exhibit impaired judgment.

3. Slowed Breathing and Reduced Heart Rate

As the body temperature drops, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are also affected. Breathing may become shallow and slow, and the heart rate can decrease significantly.

These changes occur as the body tries to conserve energy and limit heat loss. Monitoring the person’s breathing and heart rate can provide essential clues about their condition and the severity of hypothermia.

4. Loss of Coordination and Fine Motor Skills

Hypothermia affects coordination and fine motor skills due to the impact on the brain and muscles. An affected individual may stumble, have difficulty walking in a straight line, or struggle to perform tasks that require delicate hand movements.

Loss of coordination can increase the risk of accidents and injuries, further compromising the person’s well-being.

5. Fatigue and Drowsiness

People with hypothermia often experience extreme fatigue and drowsiness. The body’s energy reserves are depleted faster in cold conditions, and hypothermia intensifies this process.

Therefore, affected individuals may feel excessively tired and have a strong desire to sleep. It is crucial not to let a person with hypothermia fall asleep as their condition can worsen rapidly.

6. Pale or Bluish Skin

Hypothermia affects blood circulation, leading to changes in skin color. As the body tries to redirect blood flow to vital organs, the skin may become pale or even bluish in severe cases.

Observing the skin color can provide a visual clue about the severity of hypothermia and the urgency of medical intervention.

7. Weak Pulse and Low Blood Pressure

In advanced hypothermia, the heart struggles to maintain adequate blood flow to the body’s tissues. This can result in a weak pulse and low blood pressure.

Checking the person’s pulse and blood pressure can help assess the severity of hypothermia and the need for immediate medical intervention.

8. Uncontrollable Shivering

In severe cases of hypothermia, known as profound hypothermia, shivering may stop altogether. The body’s physiological response becomes overwhelmed, and the person may be unable to generate enough heat to sustain shivering.

While seemingly paradoxical, the absence of shivering in extreme cold temperatures is a warning sign that the person’s condition is critical.

9. Loss of Consciousness

If hypothermia remains untreated or if the person’s condition worsens, loss of consciousness may occur. The brain becomes severely affected by the low body temperature, leading to a loss of consciousness.

At this stage, immediate medical attention and intervention are crucial to prevent further complications.

10. Weakened or Absent Reflexes

Reflexes, such as the gag reflex and the pupillary reflex, can be weakened or absent in individuals with severe hypothermia. These reflexes normally protect the airway and ensure appropriate responses to light.

The absence of these reflexes indicates a critical state and the urgent need for medical assistance.