Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), commonly known as acid reflux or heartburn, is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This happens when the valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus doesn’t function properly.

While occasional acid reflux is common and usually harmless, persistent symptoms may indicate a more serious condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is crucial not to ignore gastroesophageal reflux symptoms as they can lead to various complications if left untreated.

1. Esophagitis

One of the significant risks of untreated GERD is the development of esophagitis. When the stomach acid repeatedly irritates the lining of the esophagus, inflammation can occur.

Over time, this inflammation can cause damage to the esophageal tissue, resulting in esophagitis. Symptoms of esophagitis include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and the sensation of food getting stuck in the throat.

2. Esophageal strictures

Continued untreated GERD can lead to the formation of esophageal strictures. These are narrowed and constricted areas in the esophagus caused by the buildup of scar tissue from chronic inflammation.

As a result, swallowing becomes difficult, and food may get stuck or lodged in the esophagus. Esophageal strictures can significantly impact the quality of life and require medical intervention for treatment.

3. Barrett’s esophagus

Barrett’s esophagus is a condition that occurs when the lining of the esophagus is damaged by chronic acid exposure. The normal esophageal lining is replaced with cells resembling those of the stomach or intestines.

This change in the cellular structure of the esophagus is considered a precancerous condition, increasing the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Regular monitoring and treatment are crucial to avoid the progression of Barrett’s esophagus to cancer.

4. Dental problems

The frequent exposure of tooth enamel to stomach acid can lead to dental problems, such as tooth decay, cavities, and tooth sensitivity. The acid erodes the protective layer of the teeth, making them more susceptible to damage.

Additionally, acid reflux can cause bad breath and a sour taste in the mouth, affecting overall oral health and hygiene. Seeking treatment for acid reflux can help prevent and manage these dental issues.

5. Asthma and respiratory issues

GERD can worsen or trigger respiratory conditions, especially in individuals with asthma. The backflow of stomach acid can irritate the airways and cause inflammation, leading to symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

It is vital for asthma patients to manage their GERD symptoms to prevent exacerbation of respiratory problems.

6. Laryngitis and hoarseness

Refluxed stomach acid can also irritate the throat and vocal cords, leading to chronic hoarseness, a sore throat, and laryngitis. These symptoms can significantly impair one’s ability to speak and communicate effectively.

Seeking appropriate medical treatment and lifestyle modifications can help alleviate the discomfort and improve vocal health.

7. Chronic cough

A persistent cough that lasts for weeks or months can be a sign of chronic acid reflux. The acid irritates the nerves in the lower esophagus, triggering a reflex that can cause a chronic cough.

Ignoring this symptom can exacerbate the cough and lead to throat irritation, increased phlegm production, and disrupted sleep patterns.

8. Erosive esophagitis

Untreated gastroesophageal reflux can result in erosive esophagitis, which is a more severe form of inflammation and damage to the esophageal lining. In erosive esophagitis, the tissue becomes significantly eroded, leading to ulcers and open sores.

This condition can cause severe pain, difficulty swallowing, and frequent bleeding. Immediate medical attention is necessary to manage erosive esophagitis and prevent further complications.

9. Sleep disturbances

GERD symptoms, particularly nighttime acid reflux or regurgitation, can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to poor-quality sleep. The discomfort and pain associated with acid reflux can cause frequent awakenings, insomnia, and daytime fatigue.

Proper management of GERD can help alleviate these sleep disturbances and improve overall quality of life.

10. Risk of esophageal cancer

Perhaps the most severe risk of ignoring gastroesophageal reflux symptoms is the potential development of esophageal cancer.

When acid reflux and inflammation persist for an extended period, it can gradually damage the esophageal lining and increase the risk of cancerous changes. Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive form of cancer with a low survival rate, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

In conclusion, ignoring gastroesophageal reflux symptoms can have significant consequences for your health. From esophagitis and esophageal strictures to dental problems and increased cancer risk, untreated GERD can lead to various complications.

It is essential to seek proper medical attention and follow the recommended treatment to manage the symptoms effectively and prevent long-term damage. Early intervention is key to protecting your overall well-being and reducing the risks associated with gastroesophageal reflux.