When it comes to infertility, there is often a lot of focus on the female partner. However, male fertility plays a crucial role in both infertility and recurrent miscarriages.

In fact, male infertility is the sole cause or a contributing factor in up to 50% of all cases of infertility. In this article, we will explore the role of male fertility in unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriages.

What is Unexplained Infertility?

Unexplained infertility is, by definition, infertility that cannot be explained by a specific cause. In many cases, both partners have undergone extensive testing and no obvious reason for their infertility has been found.

While it is often assumed that the problem lies with the female partner, in up to 30% of cases, no cause can be identified in either partner.

Male Fertility and Unexplained Infertility

When both partners have been found to have no specific cause for their infertility, it is important to consider the role of male fertility.

In some cases, a man may have a low sperm count or poor sperm quality that is not severe enough to cause infertility on its own, but that can still contribute to difficulty conceiving. Additionally, issues with sperm motility or morphology (shape) can also impact fertility.

Furthermore, it is important to note that infertility is not just about the number of sperm a man produces. Sperm function is also crucial to fertility.

For example, sperm must be able to swim well enough to reach the egg, and the sperm must be able to penetrate the egg’s outer layer in order for fertilization to occur. It is possible for a man to have a seemingly normal sperm count, but for the sperm to have poor function that impacts fertility.

The Connection Between Male Fertility and Recurrent Miscarriages

Most miscarriages occur within the first trimester (12 weeks) of pregnancy, and about 50% of miscarriages are due to chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.

However, in cases of recurrent miscarriages (three or more consecutive losses), male fertility can play a role.

One potential reason for recurrent miscarriages is an abnormality in the sperm, such as increased DNA fragmentation or chromosomal abnormalities. This can result in a fertilized egg that is not viable, leading to early pregnancy loss.

Additionally, certain infections or medical conditions that impact male fertility can also contribute to recurrent miscarriages.

Testing for Male Infertility

When couples are experiencing infertility or recurrent miscarriages, it is important for both partners to undergo testing.

Male fertility testing typically involves a semen analysis to assess sperm count, motility, morphology, and other factors that impact fertility. Additionally, genetic testing may be recommended to identify any chromosomal abnormalities or genetic conditions that can impact fertility or increase the risk of miscarriage.

Treatment for Male Infertility

When male infertility is identified as a contributing factor to infertility or recurrent miscarriages, there are a variety of treatment options available.

In some cases, lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, or losing weight can improve fertility. In other cases, medications may be prescribed to improve sperm count or function.

In cases where more significant interventions are needed, procedures such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended.

In some cases, sperm may need to be extracted surgically in order to be used in these procedures.

Conclusion

Male fertility plays a crucial role in both infertility and recurrent miscarriages.

When couples are experiencing difficulty conceiving or recurrent pregnancy loss, it is important to evaluate both partners and identify any underlying issues with fertility. By addressing male fertility concerns, couples can increase their chances of successfully conceiving and carrying a healthy pregnancy to term.