Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer globally, with an estimated 9,500 people diagnosed with this condition every day. It occurs when skin cells undergo genetic mutations that result in abnormal growth.

The leading cause of skin cancer is overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

Skin cancer is often considered a silent danger, as it can develop gradually without any visible symptoms. However, early detection is critical to preventing progression to an advanced stage.

Therefore, it’s essential to understand the signs and symptoms of skin cancer to promote early diagnosis and treatment.

Types of Skin Cancer

There are several types of skin cancer, each classified based on the cells from which it originates. The most common types include:.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

BCC is the most common type of skin cancer. It accounts for about 80% of all skin cancers. It affects the basal cells, which are located in the outermost layer of the skin. BCC typically appears as a small, raised, pink or red spot that may bleed or scab.

It may also have tiny blood vessels around the edges, known as telangiectasias.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

SCC is the second most common skin cancer type. It originates from the squamous cells, which are also found in the outermost layer of the skin. SCC often appears as a firm, red nodule or a scaly patch that may crust or bleed.

It may also have raised borders and an irregular shape.

Melanoma

Melanoma accounts for a smaller percentage of skin cancer cases but is the most lethal type. It originates from the cells that produce pigment in the skin, known as melanocytes.

Melanoma often appears as a new, unusual-looking mole or a change in the appearance of an existing mole. It may have an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, multiple colors, or a larger diameter than a pencil’s eraser.

Symptoms of Skin Cancer

Skin cancer often develops gradually, making it difficult to detect early. It may also appear in different ways, such as a new growth or a change in an existing mole. The following are some common signs and symptoms of skin cancer:.

A new growth

One of the most common signs of skin cancer is the development of a new growth on the skin, such as a mole or a bump. The growth may be small or large, raised or flat, and may vary in color.

If you notice a new growth on your skin, it’s important to have it evaluated by a dermatologist to rule out cancer.

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A change in an existing mole

If you have an existing mole on your skin, it’s essential to keep an eye on its appearance and monitor any changes. Changes in a mole’s size, shape, color, or texture may indicate skin cancer.

For instance, if a mole becomes bigger, develops irregular borders, or has multiple colors, it’s essential to have it checked by a doctor.

A sore that doesn’t heal

A sore that doesn’t heal may also be a sign of skin cancer. If you have a spot or a sore on your skin that doesn’t seem to go away or heal, it’s essential to have it checked out by a dermatologist.

This is especially important if the sore is tender, bleeding, or oozing fluid, as this may indicate a more advanced stage of skin cancer.

A lesion with irregular borders

Another sign of skin cancer is a lesion with irregular borders. This may appear as a scaly patch or a red, pink, or white bump on the skin. Lesions with irregular borders may indicate the presence of melanoma or other forms of skin cancer.

A change in skin texture

If you notice an area of your skin that feels rough, scaly, or crusty, it may be a sign of skin cancer. These changes in texture may indicate the presence of basal or squamous cell carcinoma.

Prevention of Skin Cancer

Prevention is the best approach to skin cancer. Here are some tips to help prevent skin cancer:.

Limit your exposure to UV radiation

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is the leading cause of skin cancer. Therefore, it’s crucial to limit your exposure to the sun and avoid tanning beds.

Always wear protective clothing, such as broad-brimmed hats and long-sleeved shirts, when going outside. Additionally, use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, even on cloudy days.

Perform regular skin self-examinations

Check your skin regularly for any changes, such as new growths or a change in an existing mole’s appearance. This allows for early detection and treatment, which can significantly improve the prognosis of skin cancer.

Quit smoking

Smoking doesn’t directly cause skin cancer. However, it does increase the risk of developing other forms of cancer, such as lung cancer. Additionally, smoking may accelerate the aging process, making your skin more susceptible to UV damage.

Conclusion

Skin cancer is a silent danger that may develop gradually without visible symptoms. However, early detection is critical to preventing progression to an advanced stage.

Understanding the signs and symptoms of skin cancer and taking preventative measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition.