Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that causes an abnormal bulge or swelling in the aorta, which is the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.

The bulge usually develops slowly over time and can become life-threatening if it ruptures. AAA is often called a “silent killer” because it typically doesn’t cause any symptoms, and people may not know they have it until it’s too late.

What causes AAA?

The exact cause of AAA is unknown, but several factors can contribute to its development. One of the primary risk factors is smoking. Smoking weakens the walls of the aorta and can lead to the formation of an aneurysm. Other risk factors include:.

Age – AAA is more common in people over 65
Gender – Men are more likely to develop AAA
High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Obesity
Family history of AAA

How is AAA diagnosed?

AAA is usually diagnosed through imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. These tests can reveal the size and location of the aneurysm and help doctors determine the best course of treatment.

Since AAA often doesn’t cause any symptoms, it’s important for people at risk to get screened regularly.

What are the symptoms of AAA?

As mentioned earlier, AAA often doesn’t cause any symptoms. However, if the aneurysm becomes large or ruptures, it can cause severe pain in the abdomen, back, or side. Other symptoms of a ruptured AAA include:.

Dizziness or lightheadedness
Rapid heartbeat
Low blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of consciousness

How is AAA treated?

The treatment for AAA depends on the size and location of the aneurysm. Small aneurysms may not require any treatment and can be monitored through regular imaging tests. However, larger aneurysms or those that are at risk of rupturing may require surgery.

The two main types of surgery for AAA are:.

Endovascular repair – This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a stent graft into the aorta to reinforce the weakened area and prevent it from rupturing.
Open surgery – This more invasive procedure involves replacing the weakened area of the aorta with a graft made of synthetic material.

How can AAA be prevented?

While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent AAA, there are several steps that people can take to reduce their risk. These include:.

Quit smoking
Exercise regularly
Maintain a healthy weight
Manage high blood pressure and cholesterol
Get screened regularly if at risk

Conclusion

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition that often goes unnoticed until it’s too late.

While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent AAA, knowing the risk factors and getting screened regularly can help detect it early and improve the chances of successful treatment. If you have any concerns about AAA, talk to your doctor.