Oral health is an essential aspect of overall health, and maintaining healthy teeth and gums is crucial to prevent many systemic diseases.

However, there is one particular condition that often goes unnoticed until it causes severe damage to the gums and teeth. That condition is called periodontitis, and it is known as the silent killer of oral health.

Understanding Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an advanced stage of gum disease that affects the ligaments and bones that support the teeth. The condition develops gradually and often starts with gingivitis, which is the inflammation of the gums.

Gingivitis is the first stage of gum disease, and if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis.

Periodontitis occurs when the bacteria in plaque and tartar buildup on the teeth and gums create toxins that destroy the tissues and bones surrounding the teeth.

The condition causes deep pockets to form between the gums and the teeth, allowing bacteria to multiply. This leads to further destruction of the tissues and bones that support the teeth, making them loose and eventually causing tooth loss.

Symptoms of Periodontitis

At the beginning stage, periodontitis often causes no symptoms or only mild discomfort. However, as the condition progresses, the following symptoms may occur:.

Bleeding gums, especially after brushing or flossing
Swollen, red, or tender gums
Persistent bad breath
Pus between the teeth and gums
Loose teeth or teeth that have shifted
Changes in bite or the way teeth fit together
Receding gums or gum line that pulls away from the teeth
Persistent metallic taste

Risk Factors for Periodontitis

Several factors increase the risk of developing periodontitis, such as:.

Poor oral hygiene practices
Tobacco use
Systemic diseases, such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer
Genetics
Poor nutrition
Stress
Clenching or grinding teeth
Medications that reduce saliva flow

Preventing Periodontitis

The good news is that periodontitis is preventable with proper oral hygiene practices and regular dental visits. Here are some tips for preventing periodontitis:.

Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste
Floss daily to remove plaque and food debris from between the teeth
Eat a balanced diet that is low in sugar and high in fiber
Avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption
Use an antiseptic mouthwash regularly
Visit your dentist at least twice a year for professional cleanings and check-ups

Treating Periodontitis

If you have periodontitis, your dentist may recommend one or more of the following treatments:.

Scaling and root planing: a deep cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar buildup from the teeth and root surfaces.
Antibiotics: prescription medication that helps to kill bacteria that cause periodontitis.
Flap surgery: a surgical procedure that removes the diseased gum tissue and exposes the roots of the teeth for further cleaning.
Bone grafting: a procedure that replaces the lost bone and tissue with grafts taken from other parts of the body or synthetic materials.
Tooth extraction: may be required if the tooth is beyond repair.

The Bottom Line

Periodontitis is a preventable and treatable disease that can cause severe damage to your oral health if left untreated. If you notice any symptoms of periodontitis, schedule an appointment with your dentist as soon as possible.

By practicing good oral hygiene habits and seeking regular dental care, you can avoid the silent killer of oral health and protect your teeth and gums from other systemic diseases.