Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that can increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, approximately 34% of adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome.

What is Metabolic Syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is not a single disease, but rather a collection of risk factors that occur together. These risk factors include:.

Central obesity (excess fat around the waist)
High blood pressure
High blood sugar
High levels of triglycerides (a type of fat in the blood)
Low levels of HDL cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol)

Having one of these risk factors does not mean you have metabolic syndrome, but having three or more increases your risk of developing serious health problems.

Causes of Metabolic Syndrome

The exact cause of metabolic syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of factors including:.

Insulin resistance: This occurs when the body is unable to use insulin effectively to regulate blood sugar levels.
Genetics: Metabolic syndrome tends to run in families, suggesting there may be a genetic component.
Lifestyle factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking are all risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

Signs and Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome itself does not have any symptoms, but the individual risk factors that make up the condition can cause a range of health problems. These may include:.

High blood pressure: This can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke.
High blood sugar: This can lead to type 2 diabetes and other complications.
High levels of triglycerides: This can increase your risk of heart disease.
Low levels of HDL cholesterol: This can also increase your risk of heart disease.

Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome

There is no single test for metabolic syndrome, but your doctor may diagnose you based on a combination of the following:.

Waist circumference: A waist measurement of 40 inches or more in men or 35 inches or more in women may indicate central obesity.
Blood pressure: A reading of 130/85 mm Hg or higher may indicate high blood pressure.
Blood sugar: A fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL or higher may indicate high blood sugar.
Triglycerides: A level of 150 mg/dL or higher may indicate high levels of triglycerides.
HDL cholesterol: A level below 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women may indicate low levels of HDL cholesterol.

Treatment and Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome

The first step in treating metabolic syndrome is to address any underlying risk factors. This may include:.

Weight loss: Losing even a small amount of weight (5-10% of your total body weight) can help improve insulin resistance.
Exercise: Regular exercise can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood pressure.
Diet: A healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans fats and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Medication: Depending on your individual risk factors, your doctor may prescribe medication to help lower blood pressure, cholesterol levels, or blood sugar.

Preventing metabolic syndrome requires making lifestyle changes that can help reduce your risk of developing the condition. These may include:.

Eating a healthy diet
Exercising regularly
Maintaining a healthy weight
Not smoking

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome is a serious health condition that increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.

Fortunately, lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce your risk of developing the condition. If you are concerned about your risk of metabolic syndrome, talk to your doctor about steps you can take to reduce your risk and improve your overall health.