Child eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that affects up to 20% of children in the United States. It can cause dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin that can be both uncomfortable and unsightly.

If your child has been diagnosed with eczema, it can be overwhelming to know where to start. This guide will provide you with everything you need to know about eczema, from what it is and what causes it to how it can be treated.

What is Eczema?

Eczema is a skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It is most common in children but can also occur in adults. The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Children with eczema often have a family history of asthma, hay fever, or eczema.

What Causes Eczema?

There is no one cause of eczema, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the most common triggers that can lead to eczema flare-ups include:.

Environmental allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander
Irritants, such as soaps, detergents, and disinfectants
Dry skin
Hormonal changes
Stress
Bacterial and viral infections
Food allergies

What are the Symptoms of Eczema?

The most common symptoms of eczema in children include:.

Dry, itchy, and red patches of skin
Bumps and blisters that can ooze or scab over
Thickened or cracked skin
Darkened skin around the affected area
Sensitive skin that can be painful to touch

How is Eczema Diagnosed?

Your child’s doctor will be able to diagnose eczema based on their medical history, a physical exam, and the appearance of their skin. In some cases, your doctor may also order allergy tests or skin biopsies to rule out other conditions.

How is Eczema Treated?

There is no cure for eczema, but there are a variety of treatments that can help manage symptoms. Some of the most common treatments for eczema include:.

Topical medications:

Topical medications, such as corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, can help reduce inflammation and itching. These medications should be used as directed by your child’s doctor and should not be used long-term without medical supervision.

Emollients:

Emollients, such as lotions and creams, can help moisturize the skin and reduce dryness. It is important to choose an emollient that is fragrance-free and gentle on the skin.

Bathing:

Bathing can help hydrate the skin and reduce itching. It is important to avoid hot water, harsh soaps, and long baths.

Wet wrap therapy:

Wet wrap therapy involves applying a medicated emollient to the skin and then wrapping it in wet bandages. This can help reduce itching and inflammation.

Antihistamines:

Antihistamines can help reduce itching and are often used at night to promote sleep.

Phototherapy:

Phototherapy, or light therapy, involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light to reduce inflammation. This should only be done under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Preventing Eczema Flare-Ups

While there is no cure for eczema, there are steps you can take to prevent flare-ups and manage symptoms. Some tips for preventing eczema flare-ups include:.