Gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream. When there is too much uric acid, it can form crystals that settle in the joints, causing pain and inflammation.

This condition can become chronic and cause long-lasting damage to the joints.

Who Is Most at Risk for Gout?

Men are more likely to get gout than women, and the risk increases as men get older. Postmenopausal women are also at higher risk for gout. Other factors that can increase the risk of developing gout include:.

Family history of gout
Obesity
High blood pressure
Diabetes
High cholesterol and triglycerides
Consuming high levels of alcohol or sugary drinks
Eating a diet high in purines, which are found in meat, seafood, and some vegetables

Symptoms of Gout

The first symptom of gout is usually intense pain and swelling in the affected joint, accompanied by redness and warmth.

The pain is often described as a “crushing” or “throbbing” sensation, and it may be too painful to even touch or move the joint. Gout usually affects the big toe, but it can also affect other joints such as the ankle, knee, wrist, or fingers. Symptoms can come on suddenly and occur at night.

Diagnosing Gout

To diagnose gout, your doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam to assess the affected joint.

Your doctor may also order blood tests to measure levels of uric acid in your blood and use a needle to remove some fluid from the joint to look for crystals under a microscope. X-rays or ultrasound may also be used to check for joint damage.

Treatment for Gout

Treatment for gout involves managing pain and inflammation during a flare-up, as well as long-term prevention of future flare-ups.

Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids can be used to reduce inflammation and pain during a flare-up. Colchicine, a medication used to prevent gout attacks, can also be used to prevent further attacks. Weight loss and dietary changes such as reducing purine-rich foods and increasing water intake can also help reduce the risk of future flare-ups.

In some cases, medications that lower uric acid levels in the blood may be prescribed to prevent future attacks.

Preventing Gout

The best way to prevent gout is to make lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding excessive alcohol and sugary drinks. Drinking plenty of water can also help flush excess uric acid from the body.

Regular exercise can also help lower the risk of gout.

Conclusion

Gout is a painful and uncomfortable condition that can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. By taking steps to prevent future flare-ups and managing symptoms during a flare-up, people with gout can live a full and active life.