Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient for the proper functioning of the body. It is responsible for many crucial bodily functions including the production of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and nerve function.

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of serious health problems and can go undiagnosed for years as its symptoms can be easily mistaken for other issues. Here are some of the warning signs to look out for if you suspect that you have low vitamin B12 levels.

1. Fatigue

If you feel unusually tired or worn out despite getting enough sleep, it could be a sign of low vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.

When you have a deficiency, your body can’t produce enough red blood cells, leading to fatigue and weakness.

2. Pale skin

A lack of vitamin B12 can also cause your skin to become pale or yellowish in color. This is due to a decrease in red blood cells, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to the skin.

When your body doesn’t have enough oxygen, your skin can take on a pale appearance.

3. Weakness

Along with fatigue, weakness is another common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. Weakness can affect your entire body or just certain areas, such as your legs.

You may feel like you have less strength and stamina overall, making it difficult to perform even simple physical tasks.

4. Dizziness and lightheadedness

Low levels of vitamin B12 can also cause dizziness and lightheadedness. This is due to a decrease in red blood cells, which can lead to reduced oxygen flow to the brain. You may feel faint or dizzy when standing up or changing positions quickly.

5. Tingling or numbness

Vitamin B12 is necessary for proper nerve function, so a deficiency can lead to tingling or numbness in the hands and feet. This is often accompanied by a sensation of pins and needles, or a feeling of “creeping” in the affected areas.

6. Difficulty walking

If you feel unsteady on your feet or have trouble walking, it could be a sign of low vitamin B12 levels. This is due to the effects of B12 deficiency on nerve function, which can affect your ability to balance and coordinate your movements.

7. Vision problems

Low levels of vitamin B12 can also affect your vision. You may experience blurred vision, double vision, or even a loss of vision in severe cases. This is due to the damage that can occur to the optic nerve when B12 levels are too low.

8. Mood changes

Vitamin B12 plays a role in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood. When levels are low, you may experience mood changes such as depression or anxiety.

You may also feel more irritable, impulsive, or have difficulty concentrating.

9. Poor memory

Vitamin B12 is also important for proper brain function and memory. A deficiency can cause cognitive problems such as poor memory, difficulty concentrating, and confusion.

These symptoms can be especially problematic in older adults who are already at risk for cognitive decline.

10. Swollen or inflamed tongue

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause your tongue to become swollen, red, or inflamed. This is due to the breakdown of the papillae, the tiny bumps that cover the surface of your tongue. You may also experience a burning sensation or changes in taste.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to talk to your healthcare provider. A simple blood test can check your vitamin B12 levels and determine if you have a deficiency.

Treatment typically involves B12 supplements, which can be taken in the form of injections or oral supplements.