Depression is a mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, depression is the leading cause of disability globally, affecting over 300 million people of all ages.

Although depression is a common mental health problem, it varies from person to person, and not everyone experiences the same symptoms.

Depression can be categorized into three distinct types, according to new research by a team of international scientists.

The study, published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry, identified three subtypes of depression based on different patterns of symptoms, which can help healthcare professionals diagnose and treat the condition more effectively.

Type 1: Melancholic Depression

The first subtype, known as melancholic depression, is characterized by a severe and persistent low mood, an inability to enjoy activities that were once pleasurable, and changes in appetite and sleep.

People with melancholic depression often feel overwhelmed, fatigued, and have difficulty concentrating. They may also experience feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and hopelessness and may contemplate suicide.

This type of depression is thought to be caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, particularly in the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Treatment for melancholic depression usually involves antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

Type 2: Atypical Depression

The second subtype of depression is atypical depression, which has similar symptoms to melancholic depression but with distinctive differences.

People with atypical depression experience improved mood when exposed to positive events, such as social interactions or achievement. Atypical depression is also associated with weight gain, hypersomnia, and emotional reactivity.

The cause of atypical depression is not fully understood, although research suggests it may be due to a dysfunction in the reward system of the brain.

Treatment for atypical depression typically involves antidepressants such as SSRIs, as well as psychotherapy.

Type 3: Inflammatory Depression

The third subtype of depression, inflammatory depression, is associated with high levels of inflammation in the body.

People with inflammatory depression may experience low mood, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and poor quality sleep, as well as physical symptoms such as joint pain, muscle aches, and flu-like symptoms.

The cause of inflammatory depression is believed to be related to chronic inflammation, which can arise from a variety of sources, including chronic infections, obesity, and stress.

Research has shown that anti-inflammatory drugs may be effective in treating this type of depression.

Conclusion

Depression is a complex mental disorder with various symptoms, causes, and treatments.

The identification of distinct subtypes of depression can help healthcare professionals diagnose and treat the condition more effectively, leading to better outcomes for patients.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s essential to seek professional help.

Mental health professionals can provide a range of treatments, including medication and therapy, to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.