Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly named ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children. It makes them impulsive, fidgety, and unable to focus. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children.
However, it can also continue into adulthood. About 5-10% of children worldwide have ADHD. It can cause problems with school, relationships, and their ability to function in day-to-day activities.
Causes of ADHD
The exact cause of ADHD is unknown. However, scientific research suggests that genes, as well as environmental influences, play an essential role. ADHD can run in families, so genetics might be a factor.
Other factors that might increase the risk of ADHD include smoking during pregnancy, alcohol or drug use during pregnancy, premature birth, and low birth weight. Children who have experienced brain injury due to infection, trauma, or central nervous system infections are at a greater risk of developing ADHD.
Symptoms of ADHD
The symptoms of ADHD are different for each child. However, the symptoms can be divided into three main categories:.
Inattention
Inattention involves having difficulty in sustaining attention in a task, being easily distracted by external stimuli, and not following instructions accurately. A child who has ADHD may experience:.
- Difficulty staying focused
- Easily distracted by noises or other stimulants
- Forgetting instructions or losing track of things
- Not listening to others when being talked to directly
- Being forgetful in daily activities
Hyperactivity
Hyperactivity involves the inability to sit still or remain calm. A child who has ADHD may experience:.
- Constantly fidgeting with hands and feet or squirming while seated
- Difficulty with quiet leisure activities
- Excessive talking
- Interrupting or intruding on others’ conversations and activities
Impulsivity
Impulsivity involves acting without thinking. A child who has ADHD may experience:.
- Difficulty waiting for their turn while playing games or in group activities
- Interrupting or answering questions before it is completed
- Speaking out of turn
- Interrupting others’ activities or conversations
- Acting without considering the consequences
Treatment of ADHD
The treatment of ADHD usually involves a combination of medications and behavioral treatments. Medications typically include stimulant medications, which can help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity.
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Examples of common stimulant medications used in the treatment of ADHD include Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Amphetamines (Adderall).
Behavioral treatment also involves various therapies that might include psychotherapy and social skills training. Psychotherapy can provide children with ADHD with coping strategies and help them overcome social and emotional difficulties.
Social skills training is designed to help children develop appropriate social behavior. Additionally, making lifestyle changes and teaching children strategies that help them manage their symptoms can also be helpful.
Encouraging academic success, providing structured routines, and establishing clear boundaries and expectations can all be factors that contribute to the success of treatment.
Managing ADHD in Children
Parents of children with ADHD can help manage their child’s symptoms by establishing a regular routine, providing a structured environment, and creating clear boundaries. Consistency is essential, as children with ADHD thrive on predictability.
Setting realistic goals and reinforcing positive behavior are also helpful. Limiting screen time, providing opportunities to get regular exercise and ensuring children get enough sleep helps keep ADHD symptoms at bay.
Conclusion
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a significant number of children worldwide. Although the exact cause is unknown, genetics and environmental factors are thought to contribute to ADHD.
The symptoms vary from child to child and involve difficulty in sustaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although there is no cure for ADHD, combining medication with behavioral therapy and lifestyle changes can successfully manage the disorder.
Parents of children with ADHD can also take steps to help manage their symptoms and improve their child’s well-being.
