Most people have experienced calluses at one point or another. These hardened, thickened areas of skin can be unsightly and uncomfortable.

Understanding what causes calluses and how to remedy them can go a long way in preventing their development and keeping feet healthy.

What are Calluses?

Calluses are areas of thick, hardened skin that develop in response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. They commonly develop on the feet and hands, but can appear anywhere on the body.

Calluses are generally not harmful, but they can be unsightly and uncomfortable.

What Causes Calluses?

Calluses develop in response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation on the skin. Some common causes of calluses include:.

Wearing ill-fitting shoes
Restrictive footwear, such as high heels
Overuse of the hands or feet
Playing musical instruments, such as string or wind instruments
Manual labor or certain sports, such as weightlifting, tennis, or golf

Calluses can also be caused by certain medical conditions, such as:.

Bunions
Hammertoes
Corns
Plantar fasciitis

How to Prevent Calluses

Preventing calluses requires paying attention to footwear, lifestyle, and skin care habits. Some tips for preventing calluses include:.

Wearing properly fitting shoes that provide adequate support and cushioning
Wearing socks made of breathable materials, such as cotton or wool
Using orthotic shoe inserts to help distribute pressure evenly
Taking frequent breaks when engaging in activities that put pressure on the feet or hands
Moisturizing skin regularly to help prevent dryness and cracking

How to Treat Calluses

While calluses are generally harmless, they can become uncomfortable or painful if left untreated. There are several remedies that can help alleviate callus symptoms, such as:.

Soaking feet or hands in warm water for 10-15 minutes before gently rubbing the area with a pumice stone or callus file
Using moisturizing creams or lotions to help soften the skin and prevent dryness
Wearing cushioned insoles or pads to help relieve pressure while walking or engaging in activities
Applying topical agents, such as salicylic acid, to help soften thickened skin
Consulting with a healthcare provider for more severe or painful cases

When to Seek Medical Attention

In most cases, calluses can be treated effectively at home. However, there are times when seeking medical attention may be necessary. Some signs that medical attention may be necessary include:.

Significant pain or discomfort associated with the callus
No improvement in callus symptoms after several weeks of treatment
Bleeding or signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge
Changes in the appearance or color of the callus or surrounding skin

Conclusion

Calluses are a common foot and hand ailment that can be uncomfortable and unsightly. Understanding what causes calluses and how to prevent and treat them can go a long way in keeping feet healthy and pain-free.

While most cases of calluses can be treated at home, it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.