Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become prevalent in the younger population in recent years.

According to the American Diabetes Association, approximately 193,000 Americans under the age of 20 have diabetes, and over 30 million Americans have the disease. Youth with diabetes require proper nutrition as a crucial element in their management. In this article, we will explore the importance of proper nutrition in managing DM in youth.

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus in Youth

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that affects how the body utilizes glucose, which is the primary source of energy for the body. The hormone insulin is responsible for regulating glucose in the blood.

DM occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin, and the glucose builds up to high levels in the bloodstream. As a result, the body cells cannot access glucose to produce energy, leading to a decreased quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality rates.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

There are two types of DM:.

Type 1 DM: This type of DM is an autoimmune disorder that results in the destruction of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. It usually occurs in children and young adults.
Type 2 DM: This type of DM occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin, or it cannot use the produced insulin efficiently.

Importance of Nutrition in Managing Diabetes Mellitus in Youth

Nutrition is an essential component in the management of DM for both types, but it is particularly crucial in Type 1 DM management.

Proper nutrition can help prevent complications of DM such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vision problems, and nerve damage. It can also help control blood glucose levels and improve overall health.

Nutritional Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Youth

The nutritional guidelines for DM in youth include the following:.

Balanced diet: Youth with DM should consume a balanced diet with the correct proportions of protein, carbohydrates, and fats. They require a minimum calorie intake to maintain a healthy weight.
Fiber-rich foods: High fiber foods such as whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits are essential for managing blood glucose levels. Fibrous carbohydrates are low glycemic and do not significantly raise blood glucose levels.
Limit saturated and trans-fat: Youth with DM should avoid foods high in saturated and trans-fat as they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Saturated fat is found in animal products such as meat, butter, and cheese, and trans-fat is found in processed foods such as fried and baked goods.
Limit salt intake: Youth with DM should limit their salt and sodium intake to prevent high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Monitor carbohydrate intake: Youth with DM should monitor their carbohydrate intake and consume carbohydrates in moderation to maintain blood glucose levels. The consumption of carbohydrates should be timed with insulin doses to ensure that it is absorbed adequately to avoid high blood glucose levels.
Avoid sugary drinks and foods: Youth with DM should avoid sugary drinks and foods as they can cause spikes in blood glucose levels.

Conclusion

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become prevalent in the youth population. Nutrition plays a vital role in the management of DM in youth.

A balanced diet, high in fiber, low in saturated and trans-fat, and low in salt is essential. Monitoring carbohydrate intake, consuming carbohydrates in moderation, and avoiding sugary drinks and foods is essential in achieving optimal glucose control.

Proper nutrition can prevent complications of DM, improve overall health and quality of life for youth with DM.