Eczema, which is also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition affecting many people worldwide.

It is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes red, itchy, and dry patches on the skin that can be very uncomfortable, unsightly, and even painful in some cases.

What Causes Eczema?

The exact cause of eczema is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger an overactive immune system response. Some of the triggers that are known to cause eczema include:.

• Stress
• Infections
• Allergens like dust, pollen, pet dander, and molds
• Certain foods like dairy, nuts, and wheat
• Extreme temperatures and weather changes
• Harsh soaps and detergents
• Certain chemicals and solvents
• Scratching and rubbing the skin

Who is at Risk?

Anyone can develop eczema. However, certain factors increase the risk of developing the condition. These include:.

• Family history of eczema or other atopic conditions like asthma and hay fever
• Having a weak immune system
• Living in cold, dry climates
• Being exposed to irritants and allergens in the workplace
• Hormonal changes in women during pregnancy and menopause
• Being a child and having a history of skin infections

Symptoms of Eczema

The symptoms of eczema can vary from person to person. However, some common symptoms of eczema include:.

• Red, itchy, and inflamed skin
• Dry and scaly skin with cracks and flakes
• Blisters and oozing of fluids from the affected areas
• Thickened and leathery skin due to ongoing scratching
• Sensitive and swollen skin due to infection

Diagnosis of Eczema

Diagnosing eczema involves a physical examination of the skin and a review of your medical history. Your doctor may ask you questions about your symptoms, triggers, family history, and any medications or supplements you are taking.

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In some cases, your doctor may perform a skin biopsy to check for other skin conditions and infections.

Treatment of Eczema

There is no cure for eczema. However, there are various treatment options available to manage the symptoms and prevent flare-ups. These treatment options include:.

• Moisturizing the skin regularly with emollients and creams
• Using topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching
• Applying topical calcineurin inhibitors to reduce inflammation and itching
• Taking oral antihistamines to reduce itching and promote sleep
• Using antimicrobial creams to treat infections
• Taking immunosuppressants to suppress the immune system
• Wet wrapping the skin to reduce itching and inflammation
• Phototherapy or light therapy to reduce inflammation and itching

Lifestyle Changes to Manage Eczema

Besides medical treatment, there are various lifestyle changes you can make to manage your eczema symptoms. These changes include:.

• Avoiding triggers that can cause flare-ups
• Wearing cotton clothes that are soft and breathable
• Avoiding tight clothes that can irritate the skin
• Using fragrance-free and mild soaps and detergents
• Keeping your skin cool and dry
• Avoiding scratching the skin as much as possible

Conclusion

Eczema can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, it can be managed effectively.

If you have eczema, it is important to work with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your specific needs and triggers.