Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a rare respiratory virus that primarily affects children. It belongs to the enterovirus family, which also includes polioviruses and coxsackieviruses.
EV-D68 was first identified in California in 1962, and sporadic outbreaks have been reported since then.
How is EV-D68 transmitted?
EV-D68 spreads from person to person through respiratory secretions, such as coughing, sneezing, or touching contaminated surfaces. It is more common in late summer and early fall, coinciding with the peak season for other respiratory illnesses.
Children with asthma or a history of wheezing are at higher risk of severe respiratory symptoms if they contract EV-D68.
Signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms of EV-D68 can vary from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:.
- Fever
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Cough
- Body and muscle aches
- Difficulty breathing
- Wheezing
In severe cases, EV-D68 can lead to more serious respiratory problems, such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. It is important to seek medical attention if you or your child experience difficulty breathing or have worsening symptoms.
Diagnosing EV-D68
EV-D68 can be diagnosed through laboratory testing of respiratory specimens, such as nasal swabs or throat swabs.
It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect EV-D68, as the symptoms can resemble those of other respiratory illnesses. A correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.
Treatment and prevention
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for EV-D68. Most cases are managed with supportive care, including plenty of rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate fever and discomfort.
In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
To prevent the spread of EV-D68 and other respiratory infections, it is important to practice good hand hygiene, such as regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
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Avoid close contact with infected individuals, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Outbreaks and recent developments
Since its discovery, EV-D68 has caused sporadic outbreaks, with notable increases of cases reported in different parts of the world, including the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia.
In recent years, clusters of EV-D68 infections have been associated with severe respiratory illness, especially in children.
In 2014, a large outbreak of EV-D68 occurred in the United States, leading to hundreds of hospitalizations, particularly among children with asthma.
This outbreak raised awareness about the potential severity and the need for continued surveillance of EV-D68.
Researchers and healthcare professionals continue to investigate EV-D68 and develop better tools for detection, prevention, and treatment.
Ongoing research aims to enhance our understanding of the virus and improve public health responses to future outbreaks.
Conclusion
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a respiratory virus that primarily affects children and can cause mild to severe respiratory symptoms. It spreads through respiratory secretions and is more common during late summer and early fall.
While there is no specific treatment, supportive care is the main approach for managing EV-D68 cases.
Prevention measures, such as proper hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help reduce the risk of contracting and spreading the virus.
Ongoing research and surveillance are essential to better understand EV-D68 and mitigate the impact of future outbreaks.
