Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a chronic condition that happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. It can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention.

In this article, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.

Diagnosis

Heart failure can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history review, and diagnostic tests. The doctor will ask about any symptoms and family history of heart disease.

The doctor will also listen to the heart and lungs to detect any abnormalities. Additionally, the doctor may perform the following tests:.

Echocardiogram

An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart. This test can show the size and shape of the heart, how well it is functioning, and detect problems such as valve disease, blood clots, and fluid around the heart.

Blood tests

A blood test can help diagnose heart failure by measuring certain levels of substances in the blood.

Such substances include brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and n-terminal pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP), which are released into the blood when the heart is under stress or experiencing heart failure.

Chest X-ray

A chest X-ray provides images of the heart, lungs, and other organs in the chest. It can show abnormalities such as an enlarged heart, fluid buildup, and lung problems.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormal rhythms. It can help diagnose heart damage and blockages in the coronary arteries.

Treatment

The treatment for heart failure depends on the severity and cause of the condition. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms, quality of life, and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment options include:.

Lifestyle changes

Healthy lifestyle habits can help manage heart failure. This includes quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly.

Medications

Heart failure medications can reduce symptoms and improve heart function. These medications include:.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
Beta-blockers
Diuretics
Aldosterone antagonists

Heart devices

Heart devices can help improve the function of the heart. These devices include:.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
Ventricular assist device (VAD)

Heart transplant

In severe cases, a heart transplant may be necessary. A heart transplant involves replacing the diseased heart with a healthy one from a donor.

Conclusion

Heart failure is a serious condition that requires medical attention. A prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve symptoms and quality of life.

Lifestyle changes, medications, heart devices, and heart transplant are all treatment options that can help manage heart failure.