Heartburn is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest.

To gain a better understanding of heartburn and learn how to manage it effectively, we spoke with Eligast, a renowned gastroenterologist. In this Q&A session, Eligast answers some commonly asked questions about heartburn.

1. What causes heartburn?

Eligast explains that heartburn is primarily caused by a condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

When the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscular ring that normally prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus, weakens or relaxes, it allows acid to move upward, leading to heartburn.

2. Are certain foods known to trigger heartburn?

According to Eligast, certain types of food can trigger heartburn in susceptible individuals. Common culprits include spicy foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, coffee, carbonated beverages, and fatty or fried foods.

However, triggers can vary from person to person, so it’s important to pay attention to your own body’s response to different foods.

3. Does heartburn have any long-term effects?

Eligast cautions that repeated episodes of heartburn, if left untreated, can cause complications.

These can include esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), bleeding, stricture (narrowing of the esophagus), or Barrett’s esophagus (a precancerous condition). Seeking medical attention for chronic heartburn is essential to avoid these potential long-term effects.

4. How is heartburn typically diagnosed?

Eligast explains that most cases of heartburn can be diagnosed based on a person’s medical history and symptoms alone. However, if symptoms are severe or persistent, additional tests may be necessary.

These can include an upper endoscopy, pH monitoring to measure acid levels in the esophagus, or a barium swallow test to evaluate the function of the esophagus.

5. What lifestyle changes can help manage heartburn?

Eligast suggests several lifestyle changes to help manage heartburn. These include:.

Avoiding trigger foods: Identifying and avoiding the foods that trigger your heartburn can significantly reduce symptoms.

Eating smaller meals: Consuming smaller, more frequent meals can prevent excessive stomach acid production and reduce the likelihood of heartburn.

Not lying down immediately after eating: Waiting at least two to three hours before lying down can allow your stomach to empty and minimize the chances of acid reflux.

Elevating the head while sleeping: Raising the head of your bed by a few inches can help prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep.

Quitting smoking: Smoking can worsen heartburn symptoms by increasing acid production and relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. Quitting smoking can lead to significant improvement.

Managing stress: Stress can trigger or aggravate heartburn symptoms. Practicing stress management techniques, such as meditation or yoga, can help reduce the frequency and severity of heartburn.

6. Can over-the-counter medications help with heartburn?

Eligast recommends trying over-the-counter medications as the first line of defense for occasional heartburn. Antacids, such as Tums or Rolaids, can provide immediate relief by neutralizing stomach acid.

H2 blockers, like famotidine or ranitidine, reduce acid production and provide longer-lasting relief. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional.

7. When should someone seek medical attention for heartburn?

Eligast advises seeking medical attention if heartburn symptoms are severe, persistent, or if they interfere with daily activities or sleep.

Additionally, if there is difficulty swallowing, unintended weight loss, persistent vomiting, or if heartburn occurs alongside chest pain, it may indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate medical evaluation.

8. What prescription medications are available for heartburn?

Eligast mentions that if over-the-counter medications are ineffective, a healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications.

These can include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole or lansoprazole, which reduce the production of stomach acid. PPIs are highly effective in managing chronic heartburn.

9. Are there any natural remedies for heartburn?

Eligast suggests several natural remedies that may help alleviate heartburn symptoms. These include:.

Ginger: Consuming ginger, either in tea or capsule form, can soothe the stomach and reduce acid reflux.

Aloe vera juice: Drinking a small amount of aloe vera juice before meals may help reduce acid reflux symptoms.

Chamomile tea: Chamomile has anti-inflammatory properties and can help calm the stomach, reducing heartburn symptoms.

However, Eligast warns that natural remedies may not be effective for everyone, and it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before trying any new treatment.

10. Can losing weight help reduce heartburn?

Eligast confirms that losing weight can be beneficial for individuals who are overweight or obese and experience heartburn. Excess weight puts pressure on the abdomen, which can push stomach acid into the esophagus.

By losing weight, the pressure on the stomach decreases, and heartburn symptoms may improve.