Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer that starts in the main type of liver cell, called hepatocytes. Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered the most common type of liver cancer.

It can occur in people with liver damage due to factors such as alcohol abuse, hepatitis B or C infection, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Signs of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Many people with hepatocellular carcinoma do not experience any symptoms in the early stage. As the cancer progresses, signs and symptoms may include:.

Abdominal pain or discomfort
Unexplained weight loss
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Enlarged liver
Fatigue
Nausea and vomiting

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to visit your doctor immediately, as early detection and treatment can improve the chances of a positive outcome.

Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma typically involves a series of tests and procedures, including:.

Physical exam: Your doctor will examine your body for any signs of liver damage, such as a swollen liver or jaundice.
Blood tests: Blood tests can show signs of liver damage and the presence of certain proteins that may indicate liver cancer.
Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI, and ultrasounds can help visualize the liver and diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma.
Biopsy: If imaging tests show signs of liver cancer, your doctor may perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma depends on a variety of factors, such as the stage and location of the cancer, the individual’s overall health, and the presence of underlying liver disease. Treatment options may include:.

Surgery: Surgical removal of the cancer may be an option for individuals with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Liver transplant: A liver transplant may be an option for individuals with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver damage.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs can be used to kill cancer cells, but they may also damage healthy liver cells.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy can be used to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors.

Your doctor will work with you to determine the best course of treatment for your individual situation.

Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:.

Avoid excessive alcohol consumption
Get vaccinated for hepatitis B and C if you are at risk
Practice safe sex
Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly
Practice good hygiene and have regular medical checkups.

It is important to remember that some individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma may not have any risk factors, so it is important to remain vigilant regarding your liver health regardless of your personal risk factors.

Conclusion

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.

By understanding the signs and symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma and taking steps to reduce your risk, you can help protect your liver health and promote overall well-being.