Homocysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is produced during the metabolism of methionine, another amino acid.

In small amounts, homocysteine is not harmful to the body, but when levels of homocysteine become too high, it can cause serious health problems.

What is homocysteine?

Homocysteine is an amino acid that is produced during the metabolism of methionine.

Methionine is an essential amino acid (meaning the body cannot produce it, and it must be obtained through the diet) that is involved in a number of important functions in the body. The body breaks down methionine into homocysteine, which can then be converted back into methionine or broken down further through a series of chemical reactions.

For most people, the body is able to keep homocysteine levels in check. However, certain factors can cause homocysteine levels to rise, including a lack of certain vitamins and minerals, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12.

Why is homocysteine a problem?

When homocysteine levels become too high, it can cause damage to the walls of blood vessels, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the vessels. This can increase the risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke.

High levels of homocysteine have also been linked to other health problems, such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and some types of cancer.

What causes high homocysteine levels?

High homocysteine levels can be caused by a number of factors, including:.

A lack of certain vitamins and minerals, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12
Genetic mutations that affect the way the body processes homocysteine
Smoking
Alcohol consumption
A diet high in animal protein and low in fruits and vegetables
Some medications, including certain cholesterol-lowering drugs and some anti-seizure medications

How can high homocysteine levels be treated?

The treatment for high homocysteine levels depends on the cause of the problem. If the problem is due to a lack of certain vitamins and minerals, such as folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12, then supplementation of these nutrients may be recommended.

This can often be achieved through dietary changes or through the use of vitamin supplements.

For those with genetic mutations that affect the way the body processes homocysteine, medications may be prescribed. Similarly, if the problem is due to medications, then the medication may need to be adjusted or switched to an alternative.

How can you prevent high homocysteine levels?

Preventing high homocysteine levels is largely a matter of making healthy lifestyle choices. This includes:.

Eating a diet that is rich in fruits and vegetables
Maintaining a healthy weight
Exercising regularly
Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

For those at higher risk, such as those with a family history of heart disease or stroke, it may be helpful to have homocysteine levels checked regularly and to work with a healthcare professional to develop a plan for maintaining healthy levels.

The bottom line

While homocysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid, it can become a problem if levels become too high. High homocysteine levels can increase the risk of a number of serious health problems, including heart attack, stroke, and some types of cancer.

However, by making healthy lifestyle choices and working with a healthcare professional as needed, it is often possible to manage homocysteine levels and reduce the risk of these health problems.