Dementia is a term for a group of symptoms that impair cognitive abilities and disrupt daily life. It is a progressive condition that worsens over time and can lead to memory loss, communication difficulties, and changes in behavior.

There are several types of dementia, the most common being Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for up to 70% of cases.

Recent research has shown that high blood pressure, especially diastolic pressure, can increase the risk of developing dementia.

In this article, we will explore the link between high diastolic pressure and dementia and discuss ways to reduce this risk.

What is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of arteries as the heart pumps it through the body. It is measured in two numbers – systolic and diastolic.

Systolic pressure is the highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls when the heart is pumping blood, while diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure exerted when the heart is relaxed between beats.

Blood pressure can fluctuate naturally throughout the day, but consistently high readings can cause damage to the heart and blood vessels over time.

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition that affects around 1 in 3 adults in the United States.

How Does High Diastolic Pressure Affect Dementia Risk?

A study published in the European Heart Journal in 2018 found that elevated diastolic blood pressure in midlife was associated with a higher risk of developing dementia later in life.

The study followed over 8,000 people for 25 years and found that those with diastolic hypertension had a 50% higher risk of dementia compared to those with normal diastolic pressure.

Another study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2020 found that reducing diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged and older adults could significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

The study followed over 4,500 participants for 8 years and found that each 10 mmHg decrease in diastolic pressure was associated with a 13% lower risk of developing dementia.

Researchers believe that high diastolic pressure can damage small blood vessels in the brain, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen to brain cells.

This can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which can contribute to the development of dementia over time.

Other Risk Factors for Dementia

High diastolic pressure is not the only risk factor for dementia. There are several other factors that can increase the risk of developing this condition, including:.

Age
Family history of dementia
Smoking
Heavy alcohol use
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Depression and social isolation

It is important to address these factors in addition to monitoring blood pressure to reduce the risk of developing dementia.

How to Reduce Dementia Risk

Reducing the risk of developing dementia requires a holistic approach that targets multiple risk factors. Here are some ways to reduce the risk of dementia:.

1. Keep Blood Pressure Under Control

Monitoring blood pressure and keeping it within a healthy range can reduce the risk of developing dementia. The American Heart Association recommends a target blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg for adults.

2. Exercise Regularly

Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of dementia. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week.

3. Eat a Healthy Diet

A healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats can reduce the risk of dementia. Limit the intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated and trans fats.

4. Quit Smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for dementia. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of developing this condition and improve overall health.

5. Limit Alcohol Consumption

Heavy alcohol use can increase the risk of developing dementia. Limit alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

6. Stay Socially Engaged

Depression and social isolation are risk factors for dementia. Staying socially engaged and maintaining meaningful relationships can reduce the risk of developing this condition.

Conclusion

High diastolic pressure can increase the risk of developing dementia over time. Monitoring blood pressure and keeping it within a healthy range, as well as addressing other risk factors, can reduce the risk of developing this condition.

A holistic approach that includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, and social engagement can improve overall health and reduce the risk of dementia.