Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that affects millions of people worldwide.

While many people may not experience any symptoms or health issues related to HPV, it can lead to a variety of complications, including certain types of cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HPV is responsible for many cases of head and neck cancer, particularly cancer of the oropharynx (the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue and tonsils).

In this article, we will explore the link between HPV and head and neck cancers in more detail.

What is HPV?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. There are many different types of HPV, and some are more likely to cause health problems than others.

While some types of HPV may cause genital warts or other non-cancerous growths, other types can lead to cancer in the genital area, anus, or throat.

How is HPV Linked to Head and Neck Cancer?

HPV-related head and neck cancer is a type of cancer that affects the tissues of the oropharynx, which includes the tonsils, the back of the tongue, and the soft palate.

While there are several risk factors for head and neck cancer, including tobacco and alcohol use, researchers have found that HPV is responsible for a growing number of these cancers. According to the American Cancer Society, about 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States are linked to HPV infection.

The symptoms of HPV-related head and neck cancer may include:.

A sore throat
Difficulty swallowing
Ear pain
A persistent cough
Hoarseness or other changes in the voice
A lump or mass in the neck

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider right away. While these symptoms can be caused by many different conditions, including non-cancerous conditions, they could also be a sign of cancer.

If your healthcare provider suspects that you may have HPV-related head and neck cancer, they may recommend several diagnostic tests, including:.

A physical exam, including an examination of the ears, nose, and throat
A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope
Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, MRI, or PET scan, to determine the size and location of the tumor

Based on the results of these tests, your healthcare provider will be able to determine whether or not you have HPV-related head and neck cancer, as well as the stage (extent) of the cancer.

The treatment course for HPV-related head and neck cancer will depend on several factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, as well as your overall health and other medical conditions. In general, treatment may include:.

Surgery, in which the cancerous tissue is removed
Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells
Chemotherapy, which uses drugs to kill cancer cells

Some people may receive a combination of these treatments, while others may only need one type of treatment. Your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best course of treatment based on your specific situation.

One of the most effective ways to prevent HPV-related head and neck cancer is by getting vaccinated against HPV. According to the CDC, the HPV vaccine can prevent up to 90% of HPV-related cancers.

The vaccine is recommended for both boys and girls starting at age 11 or 12, and can be given up to age 45 in some cases.

In addition to vaccination, you can also reduce your risk of HPV-related head and neck cancer by practicing safe sex, including using condoms and dental dams during oral sex.

You should also avoid smoking and limit your alcohol intake, as these habits can increase your risk of developing head and neck cancer, regardless of whether or not you have HPV.

The Bottom Line

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to a variety of health issues, including certain types of cancer.

HPV-related head and neck cancer, particularly cancer of the oropharynx, is a growing concern in the United States and elsewhere. However, by getting vaccinated against HPV and practicing safe sex, you can reduce your risk of developing this type of cancer.