Low blood pressure or hypertension is a condition when a person’s blood pressure is abnormally low. This is different from a person with healthy blood pressure, which ranges from 90/60 mm/Hg to 120/80 mm/Hg.

When your blood pressure drops below 90/60 mm/Hg, it is considered low. While generally, low blood pressure is not a cause of concern, in some cases, it can be a sign of severe underlying health problems.

Causes of Low Blood Pressure

The common causes of low blood pressure include:.

Dehydration

Inadequate water intake can lead to dehydration, which can cause a drop in blood pressure. When you lose more water than you drink, your body loses blood volume, leading to poor blood flow and low blood pressure.

This is common in individuals who live in hot environments, athletes, and those on medication such as diuretics.

Endocrine Disorders

Certain endocrine disorders such as adrenal insufficiency, a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, can lead to low blood pressure.

This condition is also known as Addison’s disease, and it can affect people of all ages and genders.

Heart Problems

Heart disease can cause low blood pressure. For instance, heart valve problems may reduce the blood volume in the body, leading to low blood pressure. Moreover, heart failure can lower the blood pressure and cause blood flow problems in the body.

Decreased Blood Volume

When you lose a considerable amount of blood from your body, your blood volume reduces, leading to low blood pressure. This may occur due to internal bleeding, injury, or surgery.

Additionally, severe infection and allergic reactions may cause a drop in blood pressure.

Medications

Some medication can cause low blood pressure. For instance, medication taken for high blood pressure, diuretics, and antidepressants can lower blood pressure.

While these medications are essential, it is essential to speak to your doctor about any sudden changes in blood pressure.

Symptoms of Low Blood Pressure

The following are the symptoms of low blood pressure:.

Dizziness

People with low blood pressure may feel dizzy, lightheaded, or faint when standing up or sitting down. This is typically due to poor blood flow to the brain. This symptom is common in older adults and people taking medication for hypertension.

Blurred Vision

Blurred vision is a symptom of low blood pressure. This occurs when your blood pressure drops suddenly, leading to poor blood flow to the eyes. This symptom is common among older adults, and it may cause temporary blindness if left untreated.

Nausea

Nausea is also a symptom of low blood pressure. This is due to poor blood flow to the stomach and intestines, leading to digestive problems. This symptom is common in older adults and people with severe medical conditions.

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Fatigue

People with low blood pressure may feel tired or fatigued due to decreased blood flow to the muscles and organs. This symptom is common in older adults and people with a sedentary lifestyle.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Blood Pressure

If you experience any symptoms of low blood pressure, you should visit your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Your doctor may recommend the following tests:.

Blood Test

Your doctor may order a blood test to identify the underlying cause of low blood pressure. This may include checking your blood sugar levels, electrolyte balance, and hormonal function.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Your doctor may also recommend an ECG to check for heart problems that may cause low blood pressure.

Physical Exam

A physical exam can help identify any abnormalities in your body that may cause low blood pressure.

Treatment

The treatment for low blood pressure depends on the cause and the severity of the condition.

In mild cases, you may not require treatment, and your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes such as drinking more water, avoiding caffeine, and standing up slowly. In severe cases, your doctor may recommend medication such as fludrocortisone to increase blood pressure or suggest intravenous fluids to maintain your blood pressure.

Prevention of Low Blood Pressure

The following are ways to prevent low blood pressure:.

Drink more Water

Drinking enough water can aid in maintaining blood volume in the body, leading to a healthy blood pressure level. You should aim to drink at least eight glasses of water daily, and more if you exercise, live in a hot environment, or pregnant.

Avoid Dehydration

Avoiding dehydration is critical in preventing low blood pressure. Ensure you stay hydrated by drinking enough water, sports drinks, or isotonic fluids if you are an athlete.

Maintain a Healthy Diet

Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can aid in maintaining a healthy blood pressure level. Avoid processed foods, fast food, and sugary drinks as they can lead to dehydration and low blood pressure.

Limit Alcohol Consumption

Drinking too much alcohol can cause low blood pressure. You should limit your alcohol intake to avoid dehydration and maintain a stable blood pressure level.

Exercise regularly

Exercising regularly can aid in maintaining a healthy blood pressure level. You should aim for at least thirty minutes of physical activity daily to keep your body healthy and prevent low blood pressure.

Conclusion

Low blood pressure is a manageable condition that can be treated and prevented through lifestyle changes and medication. If you experience any symptoms of low blood pressure, speak to your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Additionally, taking preventive methods such as drinking enough water, avoid dehydration, maintaining a healthy diet, limiting alcohol intake, and exercising regularly can aid in maintaining a healthy blood pressure level.