Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is the deadliest. It develops in the cells that produce pigment or color in the skin. While it can start as a mole or other skin growth, it can quickly spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths, yet it is treatable if detected early. Therefore, it is essential to know the symptoms of melanoma and seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of them.

What Causes Melanoma?

Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and tanning beds are the primary causes of melanoma. Exposure to UV rays can cause damage to the DNA in skin cells, leading to the development of cancer.

However, melanoma can also occur in non-sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the scalp, soles of the feet, and even under nails.

Risk Factors for Melanoma

Anyone can develop melanoma, but some people are at higher risk due to their genetic and environmental factors. The risk factors for melanoma include:.

Family history of melanoma
Personal history of melanoma or other skin cancers
Fair skin, freckles, and light-colored eyes
Many moles or atypical moles
Weak immune system
Excessive sun exposure, especially with sunburns

Signs and Symptoms of Melanoma

The most common sign of melanoma is a new mole or growth on the skin or an existing mole that changes in size, shape, or color. It is essential to note that not all melanomas look the same and can vary in appearance.

Here are some signs and symptoms of melanoma:.

Asymmetry

The shape of one half of the mole does not match the other half.

Border

The edges of the mole are irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined.

Color

The mole has varying colors, including shades of brown and black, pink, red, or even white or blue.

Diameter

The mole is larger than 6 millimeters, about the size of a pencil eraser. However, melanoma can also be smaller than this.

Evolving

The mole is changing in size, shape, or color, or a new symptom developing, such as itching, bleeding, or crusting.

Prevention and Early Detection

Melanoma is preventable, and early detection is critical. You can protect your skin from UV rays by taking the following steps:.

Avoid tanning beds and direct sunlight between 10 am and 4 pm
Wear protective clothing, including a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses
Apply sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 every day
Cover up with clothing, umbrellas, and tents when outside

For early detection, perform regular self-examinations of your skin, paying attention to moles or growths that are changing or look abnormal. It is recommended that you get a professional skin examination by a dermatologist yearly.

They can spot potentially worrying lesions early, and if a mole is suspected of being cancerous, the doctor may take a biopsy to test further.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any of the signs or symptoms of melanoma, you should see a doctor immediately. They will examine you and, if necessary, refer you to a specialist to test and diagnose your symptoms.

Early detection and prompt treatment increase the chances of successful treatment, so do not hesitate to seek medical attention.

In Conclusion

Melanoma is a deadly form of skin cancer that is treatable if detected early. Therefore, it is vital to protect your skin from the sun’s harmful rays and perform self-examinations regularly.

Knowing the warning signs of melanoma can help you take action and seek medical attention promptly. If you notice any changes in your skin or any worrisome moles or growths, see a doctor right away to get the appropriate diagnosis and treatment.