Nerve compression, also known as a pinched nerve, occurs when a nerve is damaged or injured due to pressure from surrounding tissues, such as bones, muscles, or tendons. It can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in various parts of the body.

Nerve compression can affect any nerves in the body, but it is commonly seen in the neck, lower back, wrists, and elbows.

Causes of Nerve Compression

There are a variety of causes of nerve compression, including:.

Bone spurs: When bones in the spine or joints develop bony growths, they can compress nearby nerves.
Herniated disc: When a spinal disc, which acts as a cushion between vertebrae, ruptures or bulges outwards, it can press against a nerve.
Repetitive motion: Certain activities, such as typing, playing an instrument, or lifting heavy objects can lead to nerve compression over time.
Injury or trauma: A sudden injury or trauma, such as a fracture or dislocation, can cause nerve compression.
Pregnancy: During pregnancy, fluid retention can cause nerve compression in the wrists, leading to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Symptoms of Nerve Compression

Symptoms of nerve compression can vary depending on which nerve is affected and the severity of the compression. Common symptoms include:.

Pain: Nerve compression can cause sharp or burning pain that radiates down the affected limb.
Numbness: Nerve compression can cause numbness or tingling in the affected area or limb, making it difficult to feel things or perform fine motor tasks.
Weakened muscles: Nerve compression can cause weakness in the affected limb, making it difficult to perform certain movements or activities.
Burning or tingling: Nerve compression can cause a sensation of burning, tingling or a pins-and-needles feeling.
Swelling: In some cases, nerve compression can cause swelling in the affected area.

Common Types of Nerve Compression

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common type of nerve compression that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist is compressed. This can cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.

It is often caused by repetitive wrist motions or fluid retention during pregnancy.

Sciatica

Sciatica is a type of nerve compression that occurs when the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back to the legs, is compressed. This can cause pain, numbness, or tingling in the buttocks or down one leg.

It is often caused by a herniated disc or bone spurs in the spine.

Cervical Radiculopathy

Cervical radiculopathy is a type of nerve compression that occurs when there is pressure or damage to the nerve roots in the neck. This can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the shoulders, arms, or hands.

It is often caused by degenerative changes in the cervical spine.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you are experiencing symptoms of nerve compression, it is important to seek proper medical evaluation. Your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and imaging tests, such as an x-ray or MRI, to determine the cause of your symptoms.

Treatment for nerve compression depends on the severity and cause of the condition. Conservative treatments, such as rest, physical therapy, or pain medication, may be effective in relieving mild to moderate symptoms.

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve the compression on the nerve.