Polyps are small growths that can occur in various parts of the body, and the cervix is no exception. While most cervical polyps are non-cancerous, they can still cause discomfort and lead to other complications if left untreated.

Here’s what you need to know about polyps in the cervix.

What are cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps are small, finger-like growths that develop on the surface of the cervix – which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

These polyps can be as small as a few millimeters or as large as a few centimeters, and they can vary in color – from pink to red to grayish-white. They may also have a smooth, flat, or irregular surface texture.

What are the symptoms of cervical polyps?

Many women with cervical polyps have no symptoms at all, particularly if the polyps are small. However, some women may experience:.

Unusual vaginal bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.
Increased vaginal discharge that may be watery or contain blood.
Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Spotting or bleeding after douching or inserting a tampon.

What causes cervical polyps?

It is not known exactly what causes cervical polyps, but several factors may play a role. These include:.

Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly estrogen, which can cause the lining of the uterus to thicken and create polyps.
Inflammation of the cervix or vagina, which can cause the growth of abnormal cells.
Anatomical abnormalities or infections in the reproductive system.

Diagnosing cervical polyps

If you experience any of the symptoms associated with cervical polyps, your healthcare provider may perform a pelvic exam to check for the presence of polyps.

This may involve placing a speculum in the vagina to allow the provider to visualize the cervix and search for any abnormalities. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary, such as an ultrasound, MRI, or biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions.

Treating cervical polyps

In many cases, small cervical polyps may not require treatment, especially if they do not cause any symptoms. However, larger polyps or those that are causing discomfort may need to be removed.

The procedure for removing cervical polyps is usually simple and can be performed in the healthcare provider’s office. It may involve using a small surgical instrument to grasp and remove the polyp or using a laser to burn it off. In some cases, a local anesthetic may be used to numb the area before the procedure.

Complications of cervical polyps

While most cervical polyps are benign, there is a small risk that they can become cancerous. Additionally, if polyps are not treated, they may grow larger and cause more discomfort or complications. For example:.

Cervical polyps that protrude into the vagina may cause bleeding or infection.
Larger cervical polyps may cause discomfort during sexual intercourse or make it difficult to insert a tampon.
In rare cases, cervical polyps that become twisted or compressed may cause the blood supply to be cut off, leading to pain and tissue damage.

Preventing cervical polyps

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent cervical polyps, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk:.

Practice good hygiene and avoid using scented sprays, douches, or other irritating products in the genital area.
Get regular check-ups and pap smears to detect changes in the cervix or uterus early on.
Avoid high-risk sexual behavior and use condoms during intercourse to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections that can cause inflammation or precancerous changes in the cervix.

Conclusion

Although cervical polyps are usually benign and easily treatable, they can still cause discomfort and anxiety if left untreated.

By being aware of the symptoms and risk factors of cervical polyps and seeking prompt medical attention, you can reduce your risk of complications and ensure that any polyps are treated promptly and effectively.