Secondary infertility is a type of infertility where a couple has already had a child or children but is not able to conceive again naturally.

This can be a very frustrating and painful experience for couples who desire more children, but are unable to do so.

Causes of Secondary Infertility

There are many reasons for secondary infertility, some of which may be the same as those for primary infertility, such as problems with the female reproductive system, male reproductive system, or both.

However, there are also a number of factors that may contribute to secondary infertility, including:.

Age

As a woman ages, the quality and quantity of her eggs decrease, making it more difficult to conceive. This decline in fertility can occur rapidly after the age of 35, and even more so after the age of 40.

In men, age can also affect fertility as the quality and mobility of their sperm may also decrease.

Weight Changes

Significant weight changes, such as rapid weight gain or loss, can affect the hormonal balance in the body, resulting in ovulation problems and decreased sperm production in men.

In women, obesity can also create problems with insulin resistance which can lead to anovulation and therefore, infertility.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes or other areas of the pelvis.

This can cause inflammation, scarring, and adhesions which can interfere with fertilization and implantation.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent, absent, or irregular periods, as well as high levels of androgens which can interfere with ovulation.

PCOS can also affect a woman’s response to fertility treatments.

Treatment Options for Secondary Infertility

The treatment options for secondary infertility will depend on the underlying cause of the infertility. Some of the common treatment options include:.

Fertility Drugs

Fertility drugs can be used to stimulate ovulation in women who are not ovulating regularly or who have anovulation. These drugs work by regulating hormones to encourage the development and release of an egg.

In men, fertility drugs can increase sperm count and motility.

Intrauterine Insemination

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves placing sperm directly into the uterus at the time of ovulation. This can increase the likelihood of fertilization by bypassing any problems with the cervical mucus.

IUI is often done in conjunction with fertility drugs to increase the chances of success.

In-Vitro Fertilization

In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a procedure where eggs are surgically removed from the ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. The resulting embryos are then transferred to the uterus for implantation.

IVF can be a highly effective treatment option for couples struggling with infertility, but it can also be an expensive and emotionally challenging process.

Surgery

Surgery can be an effective treatment for some underlying causes of infertility such as endometriosis, fibroids, or blockages in the fallopian tubes. Surgery is typically only considered after other less invasive treatments have been tried and failed.

Conclusion

Secondary infertility can be a difficult and frustrating experience for couples who want to have more children.

However, there are a number of treatment options available that can help couples overcome infertility and achieve their dreams of starting or growing their family.