A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted – either by a blood clot or a burst blood vessel, leading to damage or death of brain cells. There are two main types of stroke.
Ischemic Stroke
An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel carrying blood to the brain is blocked or narrowed. This can be caused by:.
1. Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to the build-up of fatty deposits or plaques on the inner walls of the arteries.
Over time, these plaques can grow and block blood flow to the brain, leading to an ischemic stroke.
2. Blood Clots
Blood clots can occur in the heart or blood vessels and travel through the bloodstream to the brain, causing an ischemic stroke. Common causes of blood clots include:.
a. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
AFib is a heart condition where the heart beats irregularly. This increases the risk of blood clots forming in the heart and travelling to the brain. AFib can be managed with medication and other treatments.
b. Thrombosis
Thrombosis is a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel, often due to injury or inflammation.
c. Embolism
An embolism is a blood clot that forms elsewhere in the body and then travels to the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and causes bleeding inside the brain. This type of stroke can be caused by:.
1. High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure can cause the blood vessels in the brain to weaken and rupture, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. Managing blood pressure can help reduce the risk of stroke.
2. Aneurysms or Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
These are abnormal blood vessels that can burst and cause bleeding inside the brain.
3. Trauma or Injury
Severe head injury or trauma can cause a hemorrhagic stroke.
Other Risk Factors for Stroke
Aside from the causes mentioned above, there are several other risk factors that can increase a person’s likelihood of having a stroke. These include:.
1. Age
The risk of stroke increases with age. People over 55 are at higher risk of having a stroke.
2. Gender
Men are at higher risk of stroke than women, but women are more likely to die from stroke.
3. Race and Ethnicity
African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans are more likely to have a stroke than other ethnic groups.
4. Medical Conditions
Medical conditions, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and heart disease, can increase the risk of stroke.
5. Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of exercise are all risk factors for stroke.
Conclusion
Understanding the causes of stroke is essential for taking steps to reduce the risk of having a stroke.
Managing medical conditions, making lifestyle changes, and seeking treatment for any underlying health issues can all help to lower the risk of stroke.