Keratoconus is a condition that affects the cornea, the outermost layer of the eye. While it is relatively rare, with an incidence rate of about 1 in 2,000 people, it is still important to understand the effects it can have on vision.

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a condition in which the cornea, which is normally round and dome-shaped, becomes thin and conical. This results in a distorted, irregular shape that can cause vision problems.

The exact cause of the condition is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It typically develops in adolescence or early adulthood and progresses slowly over several years.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of keratoconus can vary, but typically include:.

Blurred or distorted vision
Frequent changes in prescription
Increased sensitivity to light
Difficulty seeing at night
Eye strain and fatigue
Halos around lights

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see an eye doctor for an evaluation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of keratoconus typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including:.

Symptom evaluation
Visual acuity test
Refraction test
Slit-lamp exam
Corneal topography

The corneal topography test is particularly important in diagnosing keratoconus. This test measures the shape and curvature of the cornea and can detect the characteristic cone shape associated with the condition.

Treatment

There is no cure for keratoconus, but there are several treatment options available to improve vision and slow the progression of the condition.

Prescription glasses or contact lenses: In early stages of keratoconus, glasses or soft contact lenses may be sufficient to correct vision. However, as the condition progresses, specialized contact lenses may be needed.
Rigid gas permeable lenses (RGPs): These lenses are designed to provide a smooth and even surface for the cornea, improving vision. They may be uncomfortable at first, but most people adjust to them over time.
Scleral lenses: These are large, gas-permeable lenses that vault over the cornea and rest on the sclera (the white part of the eye). They can improve vision and comfort in advanced cases of keratoconus.
Corneal cross-linking: This procedure involves the application of riboflavin drops to the cornea, followed by exposure to ultraviolet light. This strengthens the cornea and can slow or stop the progression of keratoconus.
Corneal transplant: In severe cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary. This involves removing the damaged cornea and replacing it with a donor cornea.

Conclusion

Keratoconus can have a significant impact on vision, but there are treatment options available to help manage the condition. If you are experiencing any vision problems, it is important to see an eye doctor for an evaluation and proper diagnosis.