Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The World Health Organization considers migraine to be the sixth leading cause of years lost to disability.

While not life-threatening, migraines can cause significant discomfort and impair the ability to perform daily activities. Understanding the four stages of a migraine attack may help migraine sufferers manage the condition better.

Prodrome Stage

The prodrome stage refers to the period before the actual headache. This stage can last from a few hours to several days. The symptoms of the prodrome stage vary from person to person, but common ones include:.

Difficulty concentrating
Mood changes
Food cravings
Stiff neck
Frequent yawning

Some people experience auras during the prodrome stage. Auras are sensory disturbances that can affect vision, hearing, and speech. It’s essential to note that not all people experience the prodrome stage before a migraine.

Aura Stage

The aura stage can last from a few minutes to an hour. Some people experience the aura stage without the headache that follows. The most common aura is a visual disturbance, which can include:.

Flashing lights
Blind spots
Zigzag lines
Temporary vision loss

Auras can also affect other senses, causing tingling or numbness in the face or hands, difficulty speaking, or hearing loss.

Headache Stage

The headache stage is the most recognizable part of a migraine attack. Symptoms include:.

Head pain (usually on one side of the head)
Sensitivity to light, sound, and smell
Nausea and vomiting
Dizziness
Blurred vision

The headache stage can last from a few hours to several days. In rare cases, it can last for weeks. Most people prefer to lie down in a dark and quiet room during this stage.

Postdrome Stage

The postdrome stage refers to the period after the headache has subsided. Some people describe this stage as feeling washed out or drained. Symptoms of the postdrome stage can include:.